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21.
Ding CS 《Behavior research methods》2005,37(1):37-47
Although multidimensional scaling (MDS) profile analysis is widely used to study individual differences, there is no objective
way to evaluate the statistical significance of the estimated scale values. In the present study, a resampling technique (bootstrapping)
was used to construct confidence limits for scale values estimated from MDS profile analysis. These bootstrap confidence limits
were used, in turn, to evaluate the significance of marker variables of the profiles. The results from analyses of both simulation
data and real data suggest that the bootstrap method may be valid and may be used to evaluate hypotheses about the statistical
significance of marker variables of MDS profiles. 相似文献
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Mengsi Xu Cody Ding Zhiai Li Junhua Zhang Qinghong Zeng Liuting Diao 《Cognition & emotion》2016,30(4):731-744
Previous studies have shown that negative emotional distracters impair conscious inhibitory control. Recent research has shown that inhibitory control can be triggered unconsciously; therefore, in Experiment 1, we aimed to investigate whether negative emotional distracters affect unconscious inhibitory control. Furthermore, in Experiment 2, we examined whether fearful and disgusting distracters have differential effects on unconscious inhibitory control. Participants were instructed to perform a masked Go/No-Go task superimposed on a negative or neutral image cue (Experiment 1) or on a fearful, disgusting or neutral image cue (Experiment 2). Results showed that negative emotional distracters impaired unconscious inhibitory control; furthermore, disgusting distracters impeded unconscious inhibitory control when compared to fearful ones. This study is the first to provide evidence that fear and disgust may affect unconscious inhibitory control differently. These results expand the understanding of the relationship between emotions and inhibitory control. 相似文献
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We examined the relative quality of different types of information and its effects on accuracy in personality judgment. Three hundred and forty-four unacquainted undergraduates participated in a small group round-robin rating scheme. In one condition, participants were asked to disclose three things that were very important to them in life. In a second condition, participants were asked to disclose three distinctive personal facts: things that differentiated them from others. We found that (a) people believed values information was more personality-relevant than facts information and (b) although there was no clear advantage for one condition over the other in terms of generalized accuracy, there were some differences across conditions for specific traits. Implications for the study of information quality in personality judgment are discussed. 相似文献
28.
Cody Gilmore 《Philosophical Studies》2010,151(2):177-197
I defend coincidentalism (the view that some pluralities have more than one mereological fusion) and restricted composition
(the view that some pluralities lack mereological fusions) against recent arguments due to Theodore Sider. 相似文献
29.
Three studies examined the effects of motivation attributed to helpers on recipient reactions. Participants read and responded
to scenarios depicting various helping events, in which indicators of helpers having autonomous or controlled (introjected)
motivations were embedded. Results showed that recipients experienced more gratitude toward autonomous helpers than those
helping for controlled motivations. Helping interactions involving more autonomous attributions were also predictive of positive
attitudes toward helpers, positive affect, and felt closeness. Gratitude mediated the effects of autonomous versus controlled
helping on recipient positive attitude, well-being, and closeness to helpers. Study 3 confirmed that helper autonomous motivation
independently predicted gratitude and other positive reactions to receiving help even when controlling for other important
attributions, namely, perceived helper empathy, cost to helper, valuing of help, and perceived similarity. 相似文献
30.
Problem solving is a higher order cognitive capacity with implications for everyday functioning. Although Grit predicts academic outcomes, the relation between facets of Grit, Consistency and Perseverance, and problem solving remain unknown. We report the results of two studies conducted to examine the impact of facets of grit on problem solving within the context of solving Sudoku puzzles. In Study 1, Grit-Perseverance predicted performance on the hard versus easy puzzle. In Study 2, we increased the difficulty level of the puzzles and assessed cognitive flexibility using the Wisconsin Card Sort Test. Grit-Perseverance was associated with effort on both the hard and very hard puzzles. Further, mediation analyses revealed that Grit-Perseverance indirectly predicted increased effort on the very hard puzzle through decreased cognitive flexibility. Overall our results demonstrate that Grit-Perseverance, not Consistency, impacts problem solving and highly gritty individuals may be most successful in solving challenging problems that are moderately constrained. 相似文献