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861.
Heather A. Douglas Rebekah J. Hamilton Robin E. Grubs 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(5):418-435
Discovery of mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 can have emotional consequences for both the tested individual and his or her relatives. This secondary analysis study investigated
how BRCA testing impacts family dynamics and relationships. For the original study, a grounded theory inquiry, participants were recruited
from a hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome support website and open-ended interviews were performed asking about individual
and family experiences after BRCA testing. All 12 participants whose interviews were included in the secondary analysis had a BRCA mutation. For the secondary analysis, thematic analysis was conducted and revealed three main themes characterizing the effect
of BRCA testing on family relationships: 1. That the first in the family to have testing or seek genetic counseling takes on a special
family role that can be difficult for them; 2. That discussions in the family often change; and 3. That individuals may feel
more or less connected to certain family members. These changes seemed to relate to family cancer history, relationships,
coping strategies, communication patterns, and mutation status. Genetic counselors might find it useful to explore these issues
in order to prepare clients before BRCA testing and to support them through shifts in family dynamics after disclosure of results. 相似文献
862.
Elizabeth Brondolo Danielle L. Beatty Catherine Cubbin Melissa Pencille Susan Saegert Robin Wellington Johnathan Tobin Andrea Cassells Joseph Schwartz 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(2):407-429
This study investigated dimensions of socioeconomic status (SES) and self-reported racism among a convenience sample of 418 U.S.-born, Black and Latino(a) urban-dwelling adults. Predictors included indexes of individual and neighborhood SES. Self-reported racism was assessed with the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire–Community Version. Individuals at all levels of SES report racism, but the type of exposure varies by SES. Lower levels of SES predict higher levels of lifetime exposure to race-related stigmatization and threat/harassment, and more past-week discrimination. In contrast, higher levels of SES predict greater workplace discrimination. The findings highlight the importance of considering the complex ways in which SES and racism, 2 contributors to racial disparities in health, overlap and diverge. 相似文献
863.
Religion impacts suicidality. One’s degree of religiosity can potentially serve as a protective factor against suicidal behavior.
To accurately assess risk of suicide, it is imperative to understand the role of religion in suicidality. PsycINFO and MEDLINE
databases were searched for published articles on religion and suicide between 1980 and 2008. Epidemiological data on suicidality
across four religions, and the influence of religion on suicidality are presented. Practice guidelines are presented for incorporating
religiosity into suicide risk assessment. Suicide rates and risk and protective factors for suicide vary across religions.
It is essential to assess for degree of religious commitment and involvement to accurately identify suicide risk. 相似文献
864.
Robin S. Codding Tanya L. Eckert Erica Fanning Maria Shiyko Esther Solomon 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(2):125-141
The purpose of this study was to compare the isolated effects of cover-copy-compare (CCC) with the combined effects of CCC
and two types of performance feedback (i.e., digits correct and incorrect per minute) on sixth grade students’ mathematics
fluency and accuracy. An alternating treatments design was employed to compare treatments across 16 weeks. Participants included
three general education sixth grade students whose teachers recommended them for additional help with mathematics calculation.
No differentiation between treatments was demonstrated for any of the participants and individual differences pertaining to
the number of sessions needed to reach and consistently perform at mastery levels were found. Follow-up data at 4 and 12 days
following termination of the intervention phase indicated that all participants continued to perform at mastery levels. Generalization
to a slightly more difficult mathematics skill yielded pre-intervention to post-intervention increases, albeit small. Students
rated all three treatment conditions favorably. 相似文献
865.
We discuss some of the lessons the investigators learned during the development, implementation, and dissemination phases
of the National Arts and Youth Demonstration Project (NAYDP). The lessons learned are relevant to various groups involved
in large-scale, multi-site, community-based intervention studies: parents, youth, researchers, project staff, policy makers,
and funders. Specific lessons learned include: (1) how to engage the community; (2) methodological lessons, including cross-site
training and monitoring adherence to research protocol; (3) recruiting and sustaining involvement of parents and youth; (4)
program development; and (5) dissemination strategies. 相似文献
866.
Msetfi RM Murphy RA Simpson J 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2007,60(3):461-481
In three experiments we tested how the spacing of trials during acquisition of zero, positive, and negative response-outcome contingencies differentially affected depressed and nondepressed students' judgements. Experiment 1 found that nondepressed participants' judgements of zero contingencies increased with longer intertrial intervals (ITIs) but not simply longer procedure durations. Depressed groups' judgements were not sensitive to either manipulation, producing an effect known as depressive realism only with long ITIs. Experiments 2 and 3 tested predictions of Cheng's (1997) Power PC theory and the Rescorla-Wagner (1972) model, that the increase in context exposure experienced during the ITI might influence judgements most with negative contingencies and least with positive contingencies. Results suggested that depressed people were less sensitive to differences in contingency and contextual exposure. We propose that a context-processing difference between depressed and nondepressed people removes any objective notion of “realism” that was originally employed to explain the depressive realism effect (Alloy & Abramson, 1979). 相似文献
867.
Jackie L Micklewright Tricia Z King Robin D Morris Mary K Morris 《Child neuropsychology》2007,13(6):522-527
The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was utilized to examine attention, learning, and memory abilities in 42 children with cerebellar (N = 18) and third ventricle tumors (N = 24). Children with cerebellar tumors exhibited significant auditory attentional impairments and displayed adequate encoding and retrieval across subsequent learning and memory trials. In contrast, children with third ventricle tumors exhibited average auditory attentional abilities, but they displayed mild encoding deficits across trials 2-5. Furthermore, the third ventricle group's compromised performance on the delayed recall trial and average performance on the delayed recognition trial is suggestive of underlying retrieval deficits. 相似文献
868.
869.
Robin Powers 《Counseling and values》2005,49(3):217-225
Evolution of the relationship between counseling and spirituality since 1840 is examined in terms of the number of publications that have appeared over time that include these terms. The author retrieved the data using the American Psychological Association's PsycINFO database. A similar search was done adding the term training. The rise of behaviorism and cognitive psychology is discussed as possible explanations for the absence of a discussion of spirituality in the early psychological literature. A. H. Maslow's (1969a, 1969b; Association for Transpersonal Psychology, n.d.) work; the evolution of the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling; and multiculturalism are suggested as possible influences on the growth in the number of publications on spiritual and counseling issues over the last 30 years. 相似文献
870.