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851.
Deciding whether two different face photographs or voice samples are from the same person represent fundamental challenges within applied settings. To date, most research has focussed on average performance in these tests, failing to consider individual differences and within‐person consistency in responses. Here, participants completed the same face (Experiment 1) or voice matching test (Experiment 2) on two separate occasions, allowing comparison of overall accuracy across the two timepoints as well as consistency in trial‐level responses. In both experiments, participants were highly consistent in their performances. In addition, we demonstrated a large association between consistency and accuracy, with the most accurate participants also tending to be the most consistent. This is an important result for applied settings in which organisational groups of super‐matchers are deployed in real‐world contexts. Being able to reliably identify these high performers based upon only a single test informs regarding recruitment for law enforcement agencies worldwide. 相似文献
852.
853.
James Georgas Kostas Mylonas Tsabika Bafiti Ype H. Poortinga Sophia Christakopoulou Cigdem Kagitcibasi Kyunghwa Kwak Bilge Ataca John Berry Sabiha Orung Diane Sunar Neophytos Charalambous Robin Goodwin Wen‐Zhong Wang Alois Angleitner Irena Stepanikova Susan Pick Martha Givaudan Irina Zhuravliova‐Gionis Rajani Konantambigi Michele J. Gelfand Velislava Marinova Catherine McBride‐Chang Yasmin Kodi 《International journal of psychology》2001,36(5):289-300
This study investigated the relationship between culture, structural aspects of the nuclear and extended family, and functional aspects of the family, that is, emotional distance, social interaction, and communication, as well as geographical proximity. The focus was on the functional aspects of family, defined as members of the nuclear family (mother, father, and their children) and the extended family (grandmother/grandfather, aunt/uncle, cousins). Sixteen cultures participated in this study, with a total number of 2587 participants. The first hypothesis, that the pattern of scores on the psychological measures and the behavioral outcomes are similar across cultures, an indication of cultural universality, was supported. The second hypothesis, that functional relations between members of the nuclear family and their kin are maintained in high‐affluent and low‐affluent cultures, and that differences in functional relationships in high‐ and low‐affluent cultures are a matter of degree, was also supported by the findings. The results suggest that it is less meaningful in cross‐cultural family studies to ask questions about the structure of the family, than to ask about the functional relationships between members of the nuclear family and their kin. In looking only at the nuclear family, one focuses only on those residing in the household, but ignores those important members of the extended family who may reside nearby and their significant relationships with the members of the nuclear family. 相似文献
854.
Robin Goodwin George Nizharadze Lan Anh Nguyen Luu Eva Kosa Tatiana Emelyanova 《European journal of social psychology》2001,31(4):379-393
Despite the continuing interest in social transitions among social scientists, there has been little analysis of the impact of societal change on personal relationships. One important factor in helping individuals deal with the stresses associated with rapid transitions is social support. In our first study, 450 manual workers, students and entrepreneurs in Russia, Georgia and Hungary completed structured questionnaires assessing demographic and value predictors of the perception of support availability and the support they obtained to deal with changes in their societies. In our second study, the same respondents participated in semi‐structured interviews investigating the relationship between their work lives and support networks. Our findings demonstrate the importance of culture, occupation and values for both the perception and reception of support, and underline the multifaceted manner in which different work experiences in different nations influence support networks. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
855.
Sita Anantha Raman Robert Nichols Richard Joshua Searle-White Heather T. Frazer Timothy Lubin Robin Rinehart Joel R. Smith Andrea Pinkney David Gordon White John Powers Phyllis Herman Lawrence A. Babb Carl Olson June McDaniel Knut A. Jacobsen John E. Cort Gregory P. Fields Jeffrey J. Kripal 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2000,4(2):185-216
856.
Elizabeth Brondolo Danielle L. Beatty Catherine Cubbin Melissa Pencille Susan Saegert Robin Wellington Johnathan Tobin Andrea Cassells Joseph Schwartz 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(2):407-429
This study investigated dimensions of socioeconomic status (SES) and self-reported racism among a convenience sample of 418 U.S.-born, Black and Latino(a) urban-dwelling adults. Predictors included indexes of individual and neighborhood SES. Self-reported racism was assessed with the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire–Community Version. Individuals at all levels of SES report racism, but the type of exposure varies by SES. Lower levels of SES predict higher levels of lifetime exposure to race-related stigmatization and threat/harassment, and more past-week discrimination. In contrast, higher levels of SES predict greater workplace discrimination. The findings highlight the importance of considering the complex ways in which SES and racism, 2 contributors to racial disparities in health, overlap and diverge. 相似文献
857.
Religion impacts suicidality. One’s degree of religiosity can potentially serve as a protective factor against suicidal behavior.
To accurately assess risk of suicide, it is imperative to understand the role of religion in suicidality. PsycINFO and MEDLINE
databases were searched for published articles on religion and suicide between 1980 and 2008. Epidemiological data on suicidality
across four religions, and the influence of religion on suicidality are presented. Practice guidelines are presented for incorporating
religiosity into suicide risk assessment. Suicide rates and risk and protective factors for suicide vary across religions.
It is essential to assess for degree of religious commitment and involvement to accurately identify suicide risk. 相似文献
858.
This paper reviews the literature concerning the neural correlates of the self, the relationship between self and memory and the profile of memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and explores the relationship between the preservation of the self and anosognosia in this condition. It concludes that a potential explanation for anosognosia in AD is a lack of updating of personal information due to the memory impairments characteristic of this disease. We put forward the hypothesis that anosognosia is due in part to the “petrified self.” 相似文献
859.
Heather A. Douglas Rebekah J. Hamilton Robin E. Grubs 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(5):418-435
Discovery of mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 can have emotional consequences for both the tested individual and his or her relatives. This secondary analysis study investigated
how BRCA testing impacts family dynamics and relationships. For the original study, a grounded theory inquiry, participants were recruited
from a hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome support website and open-ended interviews were performed asking about individual
and family experiences after BRCA testing. All 12 participants whose interviews were included in the secondary analysis had a BRCA mutation. For the secondary analysis, thematic analysis was conducted and revealed three main themes characterizing the effect
of BRCA testing on family relationships: 1. That the first in the family to have testing or seek genetic counseling takes on a special
family role that can be difficult for them; 2. That discussions in the family often change; and 3. That individuals may feel
more or less connected to certain family members. These changes seemed to relate to family cancer history, relationships,
coping strategies, communication patterns, and mutation status. Genetic counselors might find it useful to explore these issues
in order to prepare clients before BRCA testing and to support them through shifts in family dynamics after disclosure of results. 相似文献
860.
Kiki V. Roe Arnold Roe Antonia Drivas Robin Bronstein 《Infant mental health journal》1990,11(2):175-189
This article presents data from four independent studies on the relationship between quantity of maternal vocal stimulation during naturalistic conditions and 3-month-old infants' cognitive processing, as assessed by the infants' differential vocal responsiveness (DVR) to their mother versus a female stranger. In two of the studies, the subjects were full-term American infants whose parents came from a wide socio-educational and ethnic background. In the third study, the subjects were low-risk preterm infants of White American parents. In the fourth study the subjects were full-term infants in Greece. The results from all four studies showed a curvilinear relationship between DVR and maternal vocal stimulation during naturalistic conditions. High DVR was associated with a mid-level amount of maternal vocal stimulation, whereas low DVR was associated with both least and most maternal vocal stimulation. These studies raise the question of possible adverse effects of social overstimulation on infant development. 相似文献