Spatio-temporal probing of apparent rotational movement

A visual bar alternately presented in vertical and horizontal orientations appeared to rotate 90° through one of two pairs of opposite quadrants. Subjects judged whether a probe dot, interjected at some delay and angular deviation from the vertical bar, appeared before or after the bar “passed through” the corresponding angular orientation. When the motion was perceived in the probed quadrant, percent “before” responses dropped abruptly from near 100% to near 0% as delay increased, and the drop occurred at longer delays for probes at larger angular deviations. Under physically identical conditions, when the motion was perceived in an unprobed quadrant, percent “before” responses varied much less with delay and insignificantly with angular position. The accuracy of the judgments in the first case suggests the internal generation of an ordered sequence of intermediate representations during each apparent rotation.     

The relationship between externality and E,N, P and L: an experiment and review

Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were given to 241 male 16-yr-olds and 144 skilled and semi-skilled men. As hypothesized, externality was positively associated with the N and P scales, negatively related to L and independent of E.     

Journeys Through the Heart: the effect of death,loss and conflict on children's worldviews

This article will present research with young children on the above topic. It will address the way in which children respond to events that demand reasoned and imaginative ontological constructions in order to reframe their sense of reality. The article identifies how these experiences trigger the development of children's thinking and assesses what provision is demanded of schools. The article will also argue that one of the greatest hindrances to children's development are the constructions of childhood we, as adults, place upon them through an analysis of the ‘culture of sentimentality’ we construct to prevent hearing the reality that they convey. As a consequence we protect ourselves from confronting issues that we find difficulty in resolving and are nervous of acknowledging as part of our pedagogical responsibility. The article will conclude by examining our understanding of the concept of liminality and the strategies that children use to ensure that relationships with significant individuals in their life continue beyond the grave     

Champ or chump: strategic utilization of dual social identities of others

The Jamaican‐born, Canadian sprinter, Ben Johnson, won the gold medal at the 1988 Olympics, but afterward was disqualified for steroid use. At the time Johnson's identity in the Canadian media appeared to shift—he was ‘Canadian’ after winning the gold medal but ‘Jamaican’ after disqualification. We tested this hypothesis via an archival study of a newspaper database of Canadian newspapers. The results confirmed the speculation. In the second study with Canadian research participants, the nationality of a fictional athlete was experimentally manipulated. He either possessed Canadian‐ American (shared) or Belgian‐American (non‐shared) identity. The athlete's performance outcome at an Olympic event was also manipulated. In the shared identity condition the athlete was perceived as more Canadian when he won than when he lost. There were no significant differences in nationality judgment when neither of the athlete's dual nationalities was Canadian. Results regarding perceptions of similarity paralleled the nationality‐ratings results. Findings from these two studies illustrate an interesting extension of BIRGing and CORFing strategies in which multiple social identities of others are used strategically to include or exclude others from the in‐group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.