收费全文 | 620篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 14篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 13篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
Since his Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft was first published in 1786, controversy has surrounded Immanuel Kant’s conception of matter. In particular, the justification for both his dynamical theory of matter and the related dismissal of mechanical philosophy are obscure. In this paper, I address these longstanding issues and establish that Kant’s dynamism rests upon Leibnizian, metaphysical commitments held by Kant from his early pre-Critical texts on natural philosophy to his major critical works. I demonstrate that, throughout his corpus and inspired by Leibniz, Kant endorses the a priori law of continuity of alteration as a truth of metaphysics, according to which all alterations in experience must occur gradually through all intervening degrees. The principle thus legislates against mechanical philosophy’s absolutely impenetrable atoms, as they would would involve instantaneous changes of velocity in impact. This reveals the metaphysical incoherencies in mechanical philosophy and leaves Kant’s own dynamical theory of matter, grounded on material forces, as the only viable approach to physical explanation. Subsequently, I demonstrate that Kant nevertheless made conceptual space in his system for the theoretical consideration of mechanical explanations, which makes manifest one of the positive roles that the faculty of reason can play with respect to natural science.
相似文献Philosophy of medicine has traditionally examined two issues: the scientific ontology for medicine and the epistemic significance of the types of evidence used in medical research. In answering each question, philosophers have typically brought to bear tools from traditional analytic philosophy. In contrast, this volume explores medical knowledge from the perspective offered by social epistemology. While many of the same issues are addressed, the approach to these issues generates both fresh questions and new insights into old debates. In addition, the broader purview offered by social epistemology opens up opportunities to address new topics such as the role of consensus conferences, epistemic injustice, the value of medical knowledge, continuing medical education, and industry funding. This article situates and summarizes the contributions to this special issue.
相似文献