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371.
中医科学危机与对策 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
王律修 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(12)
我国中医药资源非常丰富。但是,中医把中医药资源放在思辨的辨证论治理论框架上。实证的现代医药风暴袭来,取代了中医在国家医学的主体地位,截走了国际中药市场,我国甚至已成为中药净进口国家。中医陷入自我实现的科学危机。辨证论治理论僵化中医学术性质和中医观念、抑制中医生产力、阻碍中医技术产品创新和市场交流,严重阻碍中医药经济发展。所以,批判以辨证论治为核心的错误中医理论,是化解中医科学危机的战略决策。 相似文献
372.
Opinions of personality disorder experts regarding the DSM-IV personality disorders classification system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bernstein DP Iscan C Maser J;Boards of Directors of the Association for Research in Personality Disorders;International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders 《Journal of personality disorders》2007,21(5):536-551
OBJECTIVE: To survey the opinions of personality disorder (PD) experts on possible revisions in the classification system for PDs in the DSM-V. METHOD: Four hundred members of two international associations, the Association for Research on Personality Disorders, and the International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders, were asked to take a 78-item web survey. RESULTS: Of the experts who completed the survey (N = 96), 74% felt that the DSM-IV's categorical system of PD diagnosis should be replaced. Eighty percent felt that PDs are better conceived of as personality dimensions or illness spectra, than as categories. The most frequently endorsed alternative system for PDs was a mixed system of categories and dimensions. Most experts preferred the PDs to remain on Axis II. Only 31.3% wanted the term, "Borderline Personality Disorder," retained in the DSM-V. CONCLUSIONS: A clear majority of the PD experts were dissatisfied with the current diagnostic system for PDs. 相似文献
373.
Price MA Butow PN Lo SK Wilson J;Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(5):635-644
Some women at increased familial risk of breast cancer experience elevated levels of cancer-specific worry, which can possibly
act as a barrier to screening, and may be a significant factor in decisions regarding risk-reducing surgery. The aim of this
study was to comprehensively examine predictors of cancer-specific worry in high risk women and to test a model which proposes
that perceived breast cancer risk mediates the impact of other factors on worry. 1,437 unaffected women from high risk breast
cancer families completed questionnaires and interviews. Path analysis was used to test the model of potential predictors
of cancer worry, including familial, personal and psychological variables, mediated via perceived cancer risk. Levels of cancer-specific
worry were generally low despite an average perceived risk of 50.3%. The goodness-of-fit of the proposed model was poor, explaining
only 9% of the variance for perceived risk and 10% of the variance for cancer specific worry. An alternative model of a direct
relationship between all of the predictor variables and cancer worry, explained 24% of the variation in cancer worry. General
anxiety, perceived risk, the stressful impact of recent cancer related events, a relative risk greater than 10, being closer
in age to the youngest breast cancer diagnosis in family, and knowledge of personal mutation status, all independently contributed
to cancer worry. Addressing general affective responses, experiences of recent cancer related events, in addition to education
about personal risk, should be considered in counselling women with elevated cancer worry. Risk perception appears to act
independently of other factors in its formulation and impact on cancer worry. Further research on the way in which women come
to perceive their risk is indicated.
The kConFab Psychosocial Group are (in alphabetical order of institution): Brain and Mind Institute, University of Sydney,
Australia (I Hickie) Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia (K-A
Phillips) Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia (B Bennett, B Meiser, K Tucker) Department
of Oncology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (S-A MaLachlan) Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal North
Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia (C Tennant); Medical Psychology Research Unit, University of Sydney, Australia (P Butow,
M Price). 相似文献
374.
Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology RUPP Autism Network 《Behavioral Interventions》2007,22(3):179-199
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a structured, manual‐based parent training (PT) program designed to reduce noncompliant behavior and enhance adaptive behavior in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) who were taking medication for irritability, tantrums, aggression, and self‐injury. Children (N = 17, mean age 7.7 ± 2.6 years) with PDD were enrolled in a 24‐week structured PT protocol. Parental attendance to sessions (93%), satisfaction with the program (92%), and adherence to PT assignments (80%) were excellent. The program was adequately implemented with a mean treatment integrity rate of 94%. Parent‐reported rates of noncompliance were reduced by 39%; irritability was reduced by 34%; and daily living skills were enhanced by 19%. Parenting stress was also reduced by 14%. However, these results must be interpreted with caution because the study did not include a control group. The study supports feasibility of the PT program, which will be used in an randomized clinical trials (RCT). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
375.
376.
对中学超常儿童的教育实验——北京八中首届超常实验班追踪研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为期四年的超常儿童的教育实验,详细考察了超常儿童在特殊班级教育条件下的学习潜力、认知和个性发展及身体发育等情况。结果显示,这种教育形式既适应了超常儿童较大的学习潜力,促进了他们认知的进一步发展,激发了他们积极的个性特征,而且身体发育良好。从而证明,特殊班级的集体教育对中学阶段的超常儿童是一种有效的教育形式。 相似文献
377.
该研究的目的是探讨发散性思维的年龄差异以及“位置法”记忆训练对发散性思维的迁移作用。训练组为经过记忆训练的青年人24名,老年组20名,对照组为相匹配的青年人24名、老年人19名。结果表明:(1)在图形、符号、语义三方面的流畅性、变通性和独特性上,老年组均很显著地比青年组差。青年组的个别差异较大,老年组的更大,尤其是独特性。(2)青年训练组的图形流畅性、独特性及语义的独特性成绩显著优于其对照组,老年训练组图形的变通性有优于其对照组的趋势(P=.052),说明“位置法”记忆训练对发散性思维有一定的间接迁移作用,尤其是对青年人。(3)发散性思维与想象力、数字符号、训练前和训练后词的记忆以及图形的记忆成绩均有很显著正相关。而词汇成绩只与训练组两项发散性思维有显著相关。 相似文献
378.
379.
Parent Involvement in School Conceptualizing Multiple Dimensions and Their Relations with Family and Demographic Risk Factors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gwynne O. Kohl Liliana J. Lengua Robert J. McMahon Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《Journal of School Psychology》2000,38(6):501-523
Parent involvement (PI) in school is associated with more positive academic performance and social competence in children. However, there are inadequacies in current measures of PI and a need for a better understanding of predictors of PI. In this study, measures were obtained from a normative sample of 387 children in kindergarten and first grade from high-risk neighborhoods in 4 different sites. First, a confirmatory factor analysis of a theoretical factor model of PI identified 6 reliable multiple-reporter PI factors: Parent–Teacher Contact, Parent Involvement at School, Quality of Parent–Teacher Relationship, Teacher's Perception of the Parent, Parent Involvement at Home, and Parent Endorsement of School. Next, the relations among 3 specific family and demographic risk factors—parental education level, maternal depression, and single-parent status—and these 6 PI factors were examined using path analyses in structural equation modeling. Results indicated that the 3 risk factors were differentially associated with the 6 PI factors: Parental education was significantly associated with 4 PI outcomes, maternal depression was significantly associated with 5 PI outcomes, and single-parent status was significantly associated with 3 PI outcomes. No significant ethnic group differences between African American and Caucasian families were found in these relations. 相似文献
380.
关于普通话声调知觉中心的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通常将普通话单音节的声调F0曲线划分成“弯头段”、“调型段”和“降尾段”。考察“调型段”的具体位置和相对长度,对普通话语音教学,对开发语音识别和语音合成系统,都是很有意义的。本文使用两大类合成刺激连续体,通过辨认试验,初步确定了“调型段”在音节F0曲线上的位置,即一个单音节,不论是清声母音节,还是浊声母音节,也不论是何种声调和调域,其声调知觉中心(P-CT)的位置位于韵母段中部,而且,只要“调型段”的长度为浊音段的一半左右,就可能被感知成相应的调类。 相似文献