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Catherine A. Clement Ruby C. Harris Barbara M. Burns Tara N. Weatherholt 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(4):273-287
The present research examined the effect of prior experience on the distribution of attention during judgments of analogical
similarity. Identifying analogical similarity requires mapping a set of relations in one situation onto a matching set of
relations in an analogous situation. Analogical mapping is difficult when the common relational structure is embedded in contexts
with dissimilar surface features and irrelevant surface similarities. Prior comparison of analogs may help subjects find future
relational correspondences and ignore surface similarity (Markman and Gentner 1993). In the present study, attention was measured with eye tracking, which was monitored while subjects rated the similarity
of analogous scenes. Experimental but not control subjects had previously compared scenes with the same structure. Eye fixation
data indicated that prior comparison did not affect attention to structure-relevant objects, but significantly reduced attention
to irrelevant surface-similar objects. Scanning data showing that both groups scanned within scenes more than between scenes
were consistent with structure-mapping models of analogy. 相似文献
64.
Bonnie W.M. Siu Jane W.L. So K.K. Yuen Anita W.L. Chan Clement Chan Eric S.K. Lai H.W. Leung M. Lam 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2020,38(5):493-505
The Department of Forensic Psychiatry of Castle Peak Hospital is the only facility in Hong Kong that provides territory-wide forensic psychiatric services for patients with criminal involvement. This retrospective study aimed to explore whether the rehabilitation programs provided by the department could significantly reduce the risks of forensic psychiatric inpatients as measured by the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START). START ratings of inpatients who were hospitalized in the department for more than 3 months and were discharged to the community during the period from 11 April 2015 to 31 March 2019 were analyzed. A total of 79 patients were assessed, of whom 61 (77.2%) were males. Fifty-four (68.4%) patients suffered from schizophrenia. START scores upon admission (strength score = 5.67; vulnerability score = 17.43) and upon discharge (strength score = 6.87, vulnerability score = 11.18) indicated significant reduction of risks among inpatients (p < 0.05). 相似文献
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Tricia S. Clement Janice E. Weaver Lou M. Sherburne Thomas R. Zentall 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1998,51(4):363-378
In a simple simultaneous discrimination involving a positive stimulus (S+) and a negative stimulus (S-), it has been hypothesized that positive value can transfer from the S+ to the S- (thus increasing the relative value of the S-) and also that negative value can transfer from the S- to the S+ (thus diminishing the relative value of the S+; Fersen, Wynne, Delius, & Staddon, 1991). Evidence for positive value transfer has been reported in pigeons (e.g. Zentall & Sherburne, 1994). The purpose of the present experiments was to determine, in a simultaneous discrimination, whether the S- diminishes the value of the S+ or the Sis contrasted with the S+ (thus enhancing the value of the S+). In twoexperiments, we found evidence for contrast, rather than value transfer, attributable to simultaneous discrimination training. Thus, not only does the S+ appear to enhance the value of the S-, but the S appears to enhance rather than reduce the value of the S+. 相似文献
67.
Carolyn Clement Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(2):139-152
This paper begins an examination of the complex relationship between psychoanalysis and Buddhist psychology and the practice of meditation. It describes in a series of episodes the ordeal of one patient during a Buddhist meditation retreat. She is asked during the course of the teachings to confront her own inevitable death, and in so doing finds herself simultaneously enduring the agony of a psychic death or collapse originating in earlier trauma. The narrative and subsequent discussion, using the language of psychoanalysis, aim to capture the conflictual yet generative aspects of the interplay between these two invaluable disciplines. 相似文献
68.
Federico D'Andrea Ivan Dalla Rosa Nico Anoardi Marianne Clement 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(4):251-260
A multidisciplinary and global study of the evolutionary process of the universe in general and mankind in particular is proposed, drawing from both modern science, approached by taking into consideration its various interdependent aspects; and the study of western and eastern ancient traditions, which prove to have a common foundation that is the comprehension and the control of the evolutionary process itself. Such a study will lead to the compilation of a “Corpus Unus” of the new science of the human, a science which does not belong to a race, a culture or an age, but is specific to the human being as such. Such a science will imply the exploration of mankind and of the evolutionary process, and applying the results in a pragmatic way to the betterment of human beings, society, and universe. 相似文献
69.
Prior studies of time-to-contact (TTC) focused on judgments of unoccluded approaching objects. P. R. DeLucia, M. K. Kaiser, J. M. Bush, L. E. Meyer, and B. T. Sweet (2003) showed that partial occlusion decreases an object's optical size and expansion rate and that the value of tau derived from the reduced optical size (relative rate of accretion; RRA) does not necessarily correspond to TTC. In the present study, a computer-generated object approached the observer while unoccluded or partially concealed by a stationary or moving occluder. In some scenes, the occluder's motion nullified the object's optical expansion. Results indicated that stationary and moving occluders affected TTC judgments. RRA predicted directional changes in TTC judgments but predicted larger changes in such judgments than were observed. Tau did not predict effects of occlusion. When developing models of perceived collision, it is important to consider effects of partial occlusion on optical TTC information and on TTC judgments. 相似文献
70.
This study tested whether adolescent internalizing problems, externalizing problems, heavy alcohol use, fathers' parenting, and family conflict varied over time with fluctuations in fathers' alcohol impairment and also whether children of recovered alcoholic fathers differed from children of nonalcoholic fathers. Fathers and adolescent children (N = 267 families) were interviewed in 3 annual assessments. Results showed that adolescent symptomatology and the family environment did not vary over time as a function of different trajectories of paternal alcohol impairment. However, children of recovered alcoholic fathers exhibited more symptomatology than did children of nonalcoholic fathers. Even though paternal alcoholism has remitted in these families, children of recovered alcoholic fathers might remain on a general higher risk trajectory relative to children of nonalcoholic fathers. 相似文献