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111.
Previous research has demonstrated that both emotional valence and arousal can influence the subjective experience of time. The current research extends this work by (1) identifying how quickly this emotional modulation of time perception can occur and (2) examining whether valence and arousal have different effects at different stages of perception. These questions were addressed using a temporal bisection task. In each block of this task, participants are trained to distinguish between two different exposure durations. Participants are then shown stimuli presented at a number of durations that fall between the two learned times, and are asked to indicate whether the test stimulus was closer in duration to the shorter or longer learned item. In the current study, participants completed blocks of trials in which the durations were "Short" (100-300 ms) or "Long" (400-1600 ms). Stimuli consisted of neutral photographs as well as four categories of emotional images: high-arousal negative, high-arousal positive, low-arousal negative, and low-arousal positive. In Short blocks, arousing and nonarousing negative images were judged to have been shown for shorter durations than they actually were (i.e., the duration was underestimated); this effect occurred at durations as brief as 133 ms. In Long blocks, the display time for highly arousing negative items was overestimated, whereas durations were underestimated for highly arousing positive items and less arousing negative items. These data suggest that arousal and valence have different effects at different stages of perception, possibly due to the different neural structures involved at each stage of the emotional modulation of time perception. 相似文献
112.
113.
The aim of the present study was to identify cognitive functions affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to verify the mechanism underlying cognitive impairment. More precisely, cognitive deficits following TBI can be considered as a consequence of (a) a speed processing deficit, that is a general slowing of perceptual, motor and cognitive subroutines; (b) an impairment of the Central Executive System of working memory (CES).Thirty-seven patients were submitted to a neuropsychological battery, aimed to evaluate different cognitive functions.Results showed severe deficits in speed processing, divided attention,working memory, executive functions and long term memory.Regression analyses, performed to test the two hypotheses, showed that the working memory deficit hypothesis is able to explain divided attention, executive functions and long term memory deficits more than speed processing hypothesis. 相似文献
114.
Di Nocera F Couyoumdjian A Ferlazzo F 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2006,59(1):204-221
This paper introduces a perspective accounting for errors that may occur as a result of the human interaction with the three-dimensional (3D) space. Particularly, we are interested in errors that are caused by cognitively crossing the boundary between peripersonal and extrapersonal space. Several behavioural, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological perspectives are reviewed in order to develop the theoretical framework on which our ideas are founded. We argue that cognitively crossing the boundary implies switching from one frame of reference to another, which, as a consequence, implies specific costs. The results of five experiments (overall involving 76 participants) support our hypothesis, suggesting the existence of different action-oriented spatial frames of reference. 相似文献
115.
We describe a class of MV-algebras which is a natural generalization of the class of “algebras of continuous functions”. More
specifically, we're interested in the algebra of frame maps Hom
(Ω(A), K) in the category T of frames, where A is a topological MV-algebra, Ω(A) the lattice of open sets of A, and K an arbitrary frame.
Given a topological space X and a topological MV-algebra A, we have the algebra C (X, A) of continuous functions from X to A. We can look at this from a frame point of view. Among others we have the result: if K is spatial, then C(pt(K), A), pt(K) the points of K, embeds into Hom
(Ω(A), K) analogous to the case of C (X, A) embedding into Hom
(Ω(A), Ω (X)).
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 06F20, 06F25, 06D30
Presented by Ewa Orlowska 相似文献
116.
Identification of the second of two targets is impaired if it is presented less than about 500 ms after the first. Theoretical accounts of this second-target deficit, known as attentional blink (AB), have relied on some form of limited attentional resource that is allocated to the leading target at the expense of the trailing target. Three experiments in the present study reveal a failure of resource-limitation accounts to explain why the AB is absent when the targets consist of a stream of three items belonging to the same category (e.g., letters or digits). The AB is reinstated, however, if an item from a different category is inserted in the target string. This result, and all major results in the AB literature, is explained by the hypothesis that the AB arises from a temporary loss of control over the prevailing attentional set. This lapse in control renders the observer vulnerable to an exogenously-triggered switch in attentional set. 相似文献
117.
This article aims at elucidating the logic of Arist. SE 22, 178b36–179a10 and, in particular, of the sophism labelled "Third Man" discussed in it. I suggest that neither the sophistic Walking Man argument, proposed by ancient commentators, nor the Aristotelian Third Man of the , suggested by modern interpreters, can be identified with the fallacious argument Aristotle presents and solves in the passage. I propose an alternative reconstruction of the Third Man sophism and argue that an explanation of the lines regarding the identity of Coriscus and Coriscus the musician (178b39–179a3) is indispensable for its correct understanding, since they hint at another sophism in some important aspects analogous. Finally, I show that two contradictions concerning spotted by scholars in the passage are only apparent and can be dissolved once the assumption that the anti-Platonic Third Man argument is at stake here is discarded, and once the passage is read in the light of its agonistic context. 相似文献
118.
The assessment of language laterality by the dichotic fused-words test may be impaired by interference effects revealed by the dominant report of one member of the stimuli-pair. Stimulus-dominance and ear asymmetry were evaluated in normal population (48 subjects of both sex and handedness) and in 2 patients with a single functional hemisphere. Results show that in normals the number of stimulus-dominated responses is five times higher than in patients, and is negatively correlated to the index of laterality. It is suggested that dichotic stimuli may interfere one with another during the subcortical acoustic processing and at cortical level, when competing for verbal output. Subcortical interference accounts for stimulus-dominance in the single-hemisphere patients. In normal subjects, the dichotic discrimination is disturbed mainly during the hemispheric cross-talk needed for the oral-verbal processing of dichotic inputs. The frequency of 'interhemispheric' interference, as well as the extents of ear asymmetry, may both depend on differences in the processing stage of the competing inputs, and then they may be influenced by differential verbal skills of LH and RH. Very unequal levels of verbal analysis of the dichotic stimuli may hinder reciprocal interference during the hemispheric cross-talk thus yielding large ear asymmetries associated to small dominance effects. 相似文献
119.
In this paper we investigated the effects of configurational asymmetry in prefixed verbs in French. We used a simple lexical decision paradigm to compare prefixed verbs with external and internal prefixes as specified in linguistic theory (Di Sciullo, 1997) where external prefixes do not change the aktionsart and the verb argument structure of the verb, but internal prefixes do change the aktionsart and may change the verb argument structure of the verb. In Experiment 1 we tested the bi-valent prefix dé- where the configurational difference between external and internal properties of a prefix did not elicit differential response latencies. However, in Experiment 2, where unambiguous prefixes (internal en- and external ré-) were tested, the external prefix elicited longer latencies. These results are discussed with respect to the linguistic constraints the configurational properties of prefixes place upon psycholinguistic models of lexical access, as well as with respect to the effects of prefix bi-valence in the recognition of prefixed verbs. 相似文献
120.
Morrison I Lloyd D di Pellegrino G Roberts N 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2004,4(2):270-278
Results obtained with functional magnetic resonance imaging show that both feeling a moderately painful pinprick stimulus
to the fingertips and witnessing another person’s hand undergo similar stimulation are associated with common activity in
a pain-related area in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Common activity in response to noxious tactile and
visual stimulation was restricted to the right inferior Brodmann’s area 24b. These results suggest a shared neural substrate
for felt and seen pain for aversive ecological events happening to strangers and in the absence of overt symbolic cues. In
contrast to ACC 24b, the primary somatosensory cortex showed significant activations in response to both noxious and innocuous
tactile, but not visual, stimuli. The different response patterns in the two areas are consistent with the ACC’s role in coding
the motivational-affective dimension of pain, which is associated with the preparation of behavioral responses to aversive
events. 相似文献