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191.
Eugen Diesch Paul Iverson Andreas Kettermann Claudia Siebert 《Psychological research》1999,62(1):1-19
In a study of the internal category structure of the vowel /i/, Kuhl found a “perceptual magnet effect”: Discrimination sensitivity
was poorer for category instances that were acoustically similar to the category prototype than it was for category instances
that were not. The typicality of category exemplars was determined by goodness judgments and was found to correlate with the
acoustics of average production. Analysis and interpretation of discrimination performance relied on two important assumptions:
that listeners perceived all stimuli presented as exemplars of the same vowel category and that, apart from the influence
of phonetic coding, discrimination sensitivity was the same across the investigated part of the vowel space. In the present
study, it is shown that production and perception estimates of the category prototype may diverge, possibly because listeners
seem to prefer hyperarticulated variants of vowel categories. An approach towards measurement of intra-category discrimination
minima is put forward and tested that protects against intercategory confounds and avoids the isosensitivity assumption.
Received: 26 November 1997 / Accepted: 25 May 1998 相似文献
192.
Claudia Carello Paula Fitzpatrick Ittai Flascher M. T. Turvey 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1998,60(1):89-100
Four experiments addressed the relevance of the eigenvaluesI k of the inertia tensor for perceiving length by dynamic touch. Experiments 1–2 focused on the consequences of limiting variation in the minimum eigenvalueI 3. Both revealed that perceived length is a function ofI k . Whether the contribution ofI 3 is detected, however, depends on the range of values that characterize a particular object set. Experiments 3–4 considered the relationship between an independent index of a rod’s diameter, which does not affectI k , and actual manipulation of a rod’s diameter, which does affectI k . Whereas the former appeared as satisfaction of implicit instructions to alter reports of perceived length, the latter entailed actual differences in perceived length in accordance withI k . Results are discussed with respect to the links among actual length, perceived length, andI k , as well as, in particular, how these links guarantee that perceived length is in the range of actual lengths. 相似文献
193.
194.
Claudia Card 《Journal of social philosophy》1991,22(1):155-161
For more than two millennia the development of philosophy in what is called the West has been the province of men who trace their intellectual heritage to (some) men in ancient Greece. Within “the development of philosophy” I include the training of philosophers as well as publishing and preserving philosophical work in libraries. Thus I regard philosophy as a very material as well as spiritual enterprise. My focus here is on the spiritual impact, actual and potential, of recent changes in the material base of philosophy and the material impact of recent changes in the spiritual focus of philosophers. Before the Twentieth Century, the most significant transitions in the development of Western philosophy were its coming under the domination of Christian religious institutions and then its becoming relatively freed from such domination. Since the advent of the Twentieth Century, the most significant transitions may come from the increasing access to academic institutions of the middle and working classes, of people of color with histories of oppression by white societies, and of women from all classes and ethnic backgrounds—people who do not always or only trace their intellectual heritages to men of ancient Greece. What differences might these changes make to, and call for in, the development of philosophy? What I have thought about most are differences made by women and differences that have drawn in women to academic philosophy in Western democracies, such as the United States. Twentieth Century women in these contexts have published substantial bodies of philosophical inquiry with feminist agendas (both philosophy of feminism and philosophy manifesting feminist perspectives in ethics, epistemology, etc.). I want to comment on two features of such inquiry that often make it attractive to women less readily engaged by the traditions defined by privileged men. These features are holism and what I call “historical particularism.” I begin with “particularism.” 相似文献
195.
196.
Anderson Jonas das Neves Ana Claudia Moreira Almeida-Verdu Leandra Tabanez do Nascimento Silva Adriane Lima Mortari Moret Deisy das Graças de Souza 《Behavioral Interventions》2023,38(2):376-400
Research supports equivalence-based instruction (EBI) and matrix training for increased listening and speaking skills in children with cochlear implants (CI). We incorporated errorless procedures to optimize the EBI and evaluated the effects on the auditory comprehension and verbal responding at-sentences level in six CI children who were readers and showed inaccurate tacting. Subject-verb-object sentences were arranged in two matrices; diagonal combinations were trained and evaluated non-diagonal combinations. EBI included stimulus fading and exclusion to directly teach the dictated sentence-picture matching; written-sentences construction upon dictation also was taught. Probes assessed the derived stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response relations. All participants learned the auditory-visual discriminations and the exclusion resulted in fewer errors than on a stimulus fading procedure. Five participants formed equivalence classes and increased verbal responding to equivalent stimuli, especially pictures tacting. They also showed recombinative generalization for both matrices. Professionals can incorporate errorless procedures to EBI for improving sentence comprehension, tacting, and productivity in CI children. 相似文献
197.
Claudia Card 《Metaphilosophy》2000,31(5):509-528
Gray zones, which develop wherever oppression is severe and lasting, are inhabited by victims of evil who become complicit in perpetrating on others the evils that threaten to engulf themselves. Women, who have inhabited many gray zones, present challenges for feminist theorists, who have long struggled with how resistance is possible under coercive institutions. Building on Primo Levi's reflections on the gray zone in Nazi death camps and ghettos, this essay argues that resistance is sometimes possible, although outsiders are rarely, if ever, in a position to judge when. It also raises questions about the adequacy of ordinary moral concepts to mark the distinctions that would be helpful for thinking about how to respond in a gray zone. 相似文献
198.
The Just World Hypothesis states that people need to believe in a just world in which they get what they deserve and deserve what they get. This study examines the longitudinal associations between personal belief in a just world (BJW), the belief that events in one's own life are just and teacher justice in different status groups. It is posited that the more individuals believe in a personal just world, the more they feel they are treated justly by others, and this should be particularly true for students with a low-status background. Longitudinal questionnaire data were obtained from students with German and Turkish/Muslim backgrounds over a period of 3–4 months. The pattern of results revealed that personal BJW was important for the Turkish/Muslim students in evaluating teachers as more just over a given period of time, but not for the German students. That is, the buffering effect of personal BJW was crucial for the disadvantaged students. 相似文献
199.
Ziarat Hossain Tiffany Field Jeffrey Pickens Julie Malphurs Claudia Del Valle 《Infant and child development》1997,6(2):73-82
The present study assessed fathers' and mothers' relative involvement in infant caregiving tasks in 34 low-income African–American and Hispanic–American families. Analysis showed that involvement in childcare differed as a function of the gender of the parent. Fathers spent one half the time mothers did in caregiving. However, fathers' and mothers' participation in caregiving did not vary as a function of ethnic group. African–American parents reported to have received more family support than Hispanic–American parents. Although relationships were noted between age, income, education, length of marriage, social support, and involvement in infant caregiving, these sociodemographic variables did not predict parents' participation in childcare. The results are discussed in relation to the preconceived notion that low-income, minority fathers are ‘uninvolved’. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
200.
The present study investigated dream recall as well as nightmare frequency in families. Whereas a positive correlation for nightmare frequencies between children and mothers was found (but not for children and their fathers), the relationship for dream recall frequency was small and nonsignificant. Assuming that mothers are still the primary caregivers in the modern family, and, thus, might encourage or discourage children to talk about their dreams, the findings of the study support Cohen's 1973 hypothesis of a socialization effect on nightmare frequency and maybe a smaller effect on dream recall frequency. 相似文献