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651.
Claudia V. Tamassia 《Psychometrika》2007,72(4):649-651
652.
653.
The psychometric properties of two pathological gambling (PG) screening instruments, the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the Massachusetts Gambling Screen-DSM-IV subscale (MAGS), were explored in a sample of college students (N = 159). Participants completed the two screening instruments, a diagnostic interview for PG, the Gambling-Timeline Followback (G-TLFB), Gambling Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSEQ), and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL). Both screening measures were found to have adequate internal consistency and were highly correlated with each other and the diagnostic interview. The screening measures demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. Using the diagnostic interview as the criterion measure, the SOGS demonstrated better sensitivity in identifying PG college students than the MAGS. The MAGS demonstrated better specificity in identifying non-PG college students than the SOGS. The results of this study suggest that although neither measure is perfect in identifying PG college students, the SOGS is a more appropriate measure for screening purposes. 相似文献
654.
Twelve- and 14-month-old infants' ability to represent another person's visual perspective (Level-1 visual perspective taking) was studied in a looking-time paradigm. Fourteen-month-olds looked longer at a person reaching for and grasping a new object when the old goal-object was visible than when it was invisible to the person (but visible to the infant). These findings are consistent with the interpretation that infants 'rationalized' the person's reach for a new object when the old goal-object was out of sight. Twelve-month-olds did not distinguish between test conditions. The present findings are consistent with recent research on infants' developing understanding of seeing. 相似文献
655.
The self and social cognition: the role of cortical midline structures and mirror neurons 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Recent evidence suggests that there are at least two large-scale neural networks that represent the self and others. Whereas frontoparietal mirror-neuron areas provide the basis for bridging the gap between the physical self and others through motor-simulation mechanisms, cortical midline structures engage in processing information about the self and others in more abstract, evaluative terms. This framework provides a basis for reconciling findings from two separate but related lines of research: self-related processing and social cognition. The neural systems of midline structures and mirror neurons show that self and other are two sides of the same coin, whether their physical interactions or their most internal mental processes are examined. 相似文献
656.
Claudia Card 《The Journal of Ethics》2007,11(1):1-29
It has been claimed that most of the world’s preventable suffering and death are caused not by terrorism but by poverty. That
claim, if true, could be hard to substantiate. For most terrorism is not publicly recognized as such, and it is far commoner
than paradigms of the usual suspects suggest. Everyday lives under oppressive regimes, in racist environments, and of women,
children, and elders everywhere who suffer violence in their homes offer instances of terrorisms that seldom capture public
attention. Or so this essay argues, through exploring two models of terrorism and the points of view highlighted by each. 相似文献
657.
Clergy deal with mental and physical health care issues as well as spiritual concerns within their congregations. Collaboration with psychotherapists and physicians could be argued to be "best practice" by clergy, but little is known about how clergy collaborate, particularly in non-hospital settings. This study describes reported practice patterns of referral by clergy in the context of their conversations with parishioners. Clergy report that parishioners regularly express psychosocial and medical concerns to them, and clergy also initiate these conversations. Clergy refer to medical providers and psychotherapist 23% of the time, and these referrals are found to be helpful, even though the professionals rarely connect with each other. Physicians and psychotherapists report they refer to clergy 10% and 24% of the time, respectively, and often find these referrals helpful. Further research is needed to understand the barriers and bridges to collaboration between professionals in different domains of care. 相似文献
658.
Paola Ricciardelli Claudia Bonfiglioli Roberto Nicoletti Carlo Umiltà 《Psychological research》2001,65(2):98-106
In a series of five experiments we investigated whether observers could focus attention on a restricted visual area that
was demarcated by Kanizsa-like subjective contours, and whether this effect also occurred in the case of overlapping figures.
The task was a simple reaction time to a luminance increment and the basic finding was that reaction time was faster when
the imperative stimulus fell inside the focus of attention than when it fell outside. The first two experiments showed that
the extent of the attentional focus could be adapted to a region that was demarcated by subjective contours, thus extending
the results of previous studies that used regions demarcated by real contours. The last three experiments showed that, regardless
of the type of margins, focusing was more efficient for the figure that was perceived as lying in front in a pair of overlapping
figures.
Received: 21 December 1999 / Accepted: 23 August 2000 相似文献
659.
The pica of a 6‐year‐old girl diagnosed with autism was initially shown to persist in the absence of socially mediated consequences. In an attempt to provide a competing source of oral stimulation, we used a stimulus preference assessment to identify food items that were subsequently presented noncontingently. However, the noncontingent schedule could not be thinned to a practical variation while still maintaining reductions in pica. A subsequent multielement evaluation of response blocking and verbal reprimands demonstrated that neither intervention both produced and maintained low levels of pica. Verbal reprimands were then used in conjunction with noncontingent food presentation, but this intervention did not produce significant reductions in pica. Suppression of pica was ultimately obtained in both a clinic setting and in the child's natural environment using contingent, varied auditory stimulation. The results are discussed in the context of the ‘least restrictive alternative’ model of treatment selection. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
660.
Donald J. Viglione Gregory J. Meyer Ana Cristina Resende Claudia Pignolo 《Journal of personality assessment》2017,99(3):315-323
Learning to code the imagery, communication, and behavior associated with Rorschach responding is challenging. Although there is some survey research on graduate students' impressions of their Rorschach training, research has not identified which coding decisions students find to be the most problematic and time-consuming. We surveyed students to identify what they struggled with most when learning coding and to quantify how difficult it is to learn how to code. Participants (n = 191) from the United States, Brazil, Denmark, Israel, and Italy rated 57 aspects of coding using a 4-point scale that encompassed both the time required to code and the subjective difficulty of doing so. Mean ratings for coding in general indicated that students considered the overall task challenging. Ratings also revealed that students struggled most with Cognitive Special Scores, Determinants, and extrapolating from the tables to code Form Quality for objects that were not specifically listed. The findings offer suggestions about how to improve the guidelines for some of the more difficult variables and where it is most necessary to focus teaching time. Taking these steps might help new students in learning the Rorschach. 相似文献