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61.
Marc Berthiaume Hélène David Jean-François Saucier François Borgeat 《Sex roles》1996,35(11-12):781-800
This study was designed to examine the relationship between gender role orientation and psychological adjustment during pregnancy and the postpartum period in a large sample of French-speaking Caucasian mothers. Gender role was assessed with the Bem Sex Role Inventory, which classifies subjects into four categories: androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated. A discriminant analysis showed a relationship between androgyny and the following measures of psychological adaptation: self-esteem, satisfaction with social support, and level of apprehension toward perinatal stressors. The masculine gender role was linked with self-esteem, work involvement, age, and severity of perinatal stress. No relationship was found between gender role and the level of antenatal or postnatal depressive symptomatology. Stress, marital support, and social support were among the predictors of postpartum depression, which underlined the importance of taking these variables into account when studying the well-being of mothers during the postnatal period. Results are discussed in light of previous literature on the association between gender role and motherhood. The limitations of Bem's model and inventory are also considered. 相似文献
62.
This article presents an approach we have developed for the assessment of public research institutions in the natural sciences
and engineering. The method consists in the exploitation of available S&T databases and indicators, including bibliometrics
(databases of scientific as well as technical literature), patents, and internal data. Results are therefore derived through
multiple databases. The objective is to profile a specific national R&D community in order to assess the positioning of a
public institution or program within the community to which it belongs. It involves obtaining the profile of the evolution
of an R&D area, the R&D performers, the financing and support institutions, the users of R&D results, and the interactions
between all these actors. A case-study of Canadian research in polymers is presented.
Part of this research was financed by the National Research Council of Canada, and by a strategic grant from the Social Sciences
and Humanities Research Council. The research benefited from the expertise of Robert Letellier, Robert H. Marchessault, Jacques
Martel, and Marielle Piché, and from the technical assistance of Maryse Prud’homme, Marcel Parent, and Benoit Longpré. 相似文献
63.
64.
The purpose of the present research was to propose and test a motivational process model of academic achievement. The model
posits that parental, teachers, and school administration support for students' autonomy positively influences students' perceived
school competence and autonomy. In turn, perceived school competence and autonomy affect positively self-determined school
motivation which in turn influences academic achievement. Two studies using a prospective design tested the adequacy of the
model. In Study I, participants were 1,623 ninth-grade students. Results from structural equation modeling supported the motivational
model. Participants in Study 2 were 1,098 tenth-grade students. Results from this study corroborated those of Study 1 controlling
for students' prior achievement in the ninth grade. The role of self-determinod school motivation in academic achievement
is discussed and avenues for future research are considered.
This research is part of a larger project that is being funded by grants from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation; the
San Francisco Foundation; the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; the Danforth Foundation; the Smart Foundations; the Pew Charitable
Trusts; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; the Annenberg Foundation; Spunk Fund, Inc.; the DeWitt Wallace-Reader's
Digest Fund, Inc.; Louise and Claude Rosenberg; and the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and not necessarily of the funders. We are grateful
to the many educators, students, and colleagues who cooperated with us on this project and to several anonymous reviewers
who provided helpful suggestions. 相似文献
65.
66.
The purpose of this clinical experiment was to investigate the manipulability of a Factor II avoidance response (arm movement). The substantive hypothesis under test was that its suppression would be enhanced by repeated punishment sessions. During the first of nine therapy sessions response-contingent negative stimulation was not delivered. In the next five, after a base-rate period, “wrong” was made consequent upon the target response. In each of these sessions the suppression of arm movement was apparent. However, the magnitude of the suppression decreased from session to session. Evidently, the continued use of punishment did not enhance suppression. Because of this finding procedural changes were introduced in the next three therapy sessions. Verbal praise was added as a consequence of increasingly stringent omission criteria and three consecutive units of praise led to time-out from the reportedly fatiguing task of continuous speech. A marked reduction and then complete extinction resulted. Moreover, learning was evidenced since the frequency of arm movement lessened in the base-rate period of each session. 相似文献
67.
Summary The dependence of the subjective vertical (SV, the angle between a subjective vertical line and body median plane) on the gravity vertical (body tilt position, angle ) and on the optical vertical (i.e., a field of parallel lines seen as background to the line to be adjusted) was investigated. The SV was measured under dry and wet conditions at different degrees of body tilt attained in either clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) progression.The measured difference in between field-of-lines left and right of the line is smallest at the upright position (=O°) and largest at =150°/165°. All body positions show a -difference between CW and CCW attainment (hysteresis), this too being least at upright and greatest at inverted body positions.These results, and changes of with test time, are discussed relative to the hypothesis that efficiency of the statolith organs decreases with body tilt increase, favouring increase of interference of somatoreceptors and the optical reference. 相似文献
68.
69.
Eric Térouanne 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1983,27(4):370-405
The concept “impossible figure” is analyzed by formalizing the interpretations of a polyhedral figure by an observer, and defining several types of inconsistency in such interpretations. Tests for these inconsistencies are developed using simple graph theory, and a sufficient condition is established for the feasibility of an interpretation. Finally, techniques are derived for the automatic construction of usual or unusual multibar figures. 相似文献
70.
The effect of visibility on eye-movement parameters in reading 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1