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241.
Auditory stream segregation (or streaming) is a phenomenon in which 2 or more repeating sounds differing in at least 1 acoustic attribute are perceived as 2 or more separate sound sources (i.e., streams). This article selectively reviews psychophysical and computational studies of streaming and comprehensively reviews more recent neurophysiological studies that have provided important insights into the mechanisms of streaming. On the basis of these studies, segregation of sounds is likely to occur beginning in the auditory periphery and continuing at least to primary auditory cortex for simple cues such as pure-tone frequency but at stages as high as secondary auditory cortex for more complex cues such as periodicity pitch. Attention-dependent and perception-dependent processes are likely to take place in primary or secondary auditory cortex and may also involve higher level areas outside of auditory cortex. Topographic maps of acoustic attributes, stimulus-specific suppression, and competition between representations are among the neurophysiological mechanisms that likely contribute to streaming. A framework for future research is proposed. 相似文献
242.
Bergeron L Valla JP Smolla N Piché G Berthiaume C St-Georges M 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(3):459-474
There are relatively few community-based epidemiological studies in which correlates of
depressive disorders were identified through multivariate analyses in children and adolescents aged 6--14
years. Moreover, several family characteristics (e.g., parent-child relationship) have never been explored in
this regard. The purpose of this study was twofold. Using data from the Quebec Child Mental Health Survey,
it sought: (1) to identify psychosocial correlates associated with depressive disorder in two age-groups (6--11 and 12-14
years) according to informant (child/adolescent, parent); and (2) to interpret the relative
importance of correlates by ranking variables according to strength and consistency of association across
age-groups. Logistic regression models show correlates to be inconsistent across informants. The ranking of
correlates indicates a major contribution of only-child status/ordinal position, parent's major depressive
disorder, stressful family events, and parent-child relationship, thereby supporting the hypothesis of the
relevance of family context in the development of depression. 相似文献
243.
Signaling threat: how situational cues affect women in math, science, and engineering settings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined the cues hypothesis, which holds that situational cues, such as a setting's features and organization, can make potential targets vulnerable to social identity threat. Objective and subjective measures of identity threat were collected from male and female math, science, and engineering (MSE) majors who watched an MSE conference video depicting either an unbalanced ratio of men to women or a balanced ratio. Women who viewed the unbalanced video exhibited more cognitive and physiological vigilance, and reported a lower sense of belonging and less desire to participate in the conference, than did women who viewed the gender-balanced video. Men were unaffected by this situational cue. The implications for understanding vulnerability to social identity threat, particularly among women in MSE settings, are discussed. 相似文献
244.
Daniel Liechty Paul C. Cooper Jill Barbre David Leeming Claude Barbre 《Journal of religion and health》2002,41(3):279-292
THE MYSTICAL MIND: PROBING THE BIOLOGY OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE. By Eugene d'Aquili and Andrew Newberg. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1999. $20.00.
WHY GOD WON'T GO AWAY: BRAIN SCIENCE AND THE BIOLOGY OF BELIEF. By Eugene d'Aquili and Andrew Newberg. New York: Ballantine Books, 2001. $14.00.
THE TREE AS IT IS: NEW AND SELECTED HAIKU POETRY. By Bernard l. Einbond. 73 pp. Red Moon Press, 2000. $12.00.
FEMALE SEXUALITY: CONTEMPORARY ENGAGEMENTS. Edited by Donna Bassin. 507 pp. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc., 1999. $60.00.
DAMANGED BONDS. By Michael Eigen. 179 pp. London & New York: Karnac Books. $29.95.
TRANSCENDING: REFLECTIONS OF CRIME VICTIMS. By Howard Zehr. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 2001. $18.95.
ATTACHMENT THEORY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS. By Peter Fonagy. 261 pp. New York: Other Press, 2001. $35.00.THE HANDY RELIGION ANSWER BOOK. By John Renard. 582 pp. Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 2002. $21.95.THE MANY FACES OF FAITH: A GUIDE TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND CHRISTIAN TRADITIONS. By Richard R. Losch. 187 pp. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2001. $19.00.
THE BRONTES AND RELIGION. By Marianne Thornmahlen. 287 pp. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999. $60.00. 相似文献
245.
Social identity contingencies: how diversity cues signal threat or safety for African Americans in mainstream institutions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Purdie-Vaughns V Steele CM Davies PG Ditlmann R Crosby JR 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,94(4):615-630
This research demonstrates that people at risk of devaluation based on group membership are attuned to cues that signal social identity contingencies--judgments, stereotypes, opportunities, restrictions, and treatments that are tied to one's social identity in a given setting. In 3 experiments, African American professionals were attuned to minority representation and diversity philosophy cues when they were presented as a part of workplace settings. Low minority representation cues coupled with colorblindness (as opposed to valuing diversity) led African American professionals to perceive threatening identity contingencies and to distrust the setting (Experiment 1). The authors then verified that the mechanism mediating the effect of setting cues on trust was identity contingent evaluations (Experiments 2 & 3). The power of social identity contingencies as they relate to underrepresented groups in mainstream institutions is discussed. 相似文献
246.
This study investigated the effect of referees' errors on players' perceived injustice in soccer. The conditions investigated were Referee Decision, with three types: Correctly Called a foul vs Wrongly Called a foul vs Did not Call a foul and Repetition of the Situation, with two types: Isolated vs Repeated. Male soccer players at regional and departmental levels of practice (N = 95, M(age) = 23.2, SD = 5.1) were asked to rank six hypothetical situations according to the perceived injustice. Analysis indicated significant effects of Referee Decisions and Repetition of the Situation on the perception of injustice, but showed no differences between the types of error. However, age and years of soccer experience were associated with perception of injustice when the referee correctly called a foul. 相似文献
247.
Effects of context on auditory stream segregation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Snyder JS Carter OL Lee SK Hannon EE Alain C 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2008,34(4):1007-1016
The authors examined the effect of preceding context on auditory stream segregation. Low tones (A), high tones (B), and silences (-) were presented in an ABA- pattern. Participants indicated whether they perceived 1 or 2 streams of tones. The A tone frequency was fixed, and the B tone was the same as the A tone or had 1 of 3 higher frequencies. Perception of 2 streams in the current trial increased with greater frequency separation between the A and B tones (Delta f). Larger Delta f in previous trials modified this pattern, causing less streaming in the current trial. This occurred even when listeners were asked to bias their perception toward hearing 1 stream or 2 streams. The effect of previous Delta f was not due to response bias because simply perceiving 2 streams in the previous trial did not cause less streaming in the current trial. Finally, the effect of previous ?f was diminished, though still present, when the silent duration between trials was increased to 5.76 s. The time course of this context effect on streaming implicates the involvement of auditory sensory memory or neural adaptation. 相似文献
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