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In this article, a method is presented to analyse relationships between detection or discrimination frequencies and reaction times in psychophysical tasks. It is shown in three empirical data sets that reaction time decreases as a linear function of the absolute value of the logit transforms of the response probabilities. Such a function stresses the characteristic uncertainty associated with subjects' responses and the relation between their response parameters and the response criterion used by the subjects. 相似文献
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Tachistoscopically presented bilateral stimulus pairs not parallel to the meridian produced significantly longer RTs on a task requiring discrimination of shapes (Go/no-Go) than pairs emplaced symmetrically on each side of the meridian in Desjardins and Braun [Desjardins, S., & Braun, C. M. J. (2006). Homotopy and heterotopy and the bilateral field advantage in the Dimond paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 121, 125–136]. This was explained by the fact that there are more homotopic than heterotopic fibers in the corpus callosum. However: (1) different parts of the visual field were not equiprobably stimulated, possibly causing subtle biases, (2) the predicted cost of vertical asymmetry was tested only with bilateral stimuli, and (3) interstimulus distance was at the outer limit of callosal midline fusion (10.6°). Here, a tachistoscopic experiment with 24 normal participants replicated the between-field vertical symmetry advantage [Desjardins, S., & Braun, C. M. J. (2006). Homotopy and heterotopy and the bilateral field advantage in the Dimond paradigm. Acta Psychologica, 121, 125–136.], but without irrelevant stimulation conditions and with more proximal stimuli. In addition, a significant specific cost of vertical asymmetry of 7 ms was found for between-field integration over within-field integration. As far as we know, this is the first demonstration of an effect of callosal anatomical homotopy with reaction time. 相似文献
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Stereotype threat and inflexible perseverance in problem solving 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present research examines whether women burdened by stereotype threat, a threat of confirming negative ingroup stereotypes (Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 797-811), are less able to abandon old strategies and employ newer, more efficient ones when conditions change. In two studies, stereotype threat was found to increase inflexible perseverance: women made to believe they were taking a diagnostic math/spatial ability test, compared to those not threatened by stereotypes, were more likely to use previously successful but presently inefficient or incorrect strategies. In Study 1, participants under stereotype threat also suppressed relevant stereotypes to the greatest degree, and their inflexible perseverance was predicted by the degree to which they suppressed these stereotypes. Implications for test performance and potential decision-making effects of stereotype threat are discussed. 相似文献
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ObjectivesTo explore the relative contributions of self-esteem, body-esteem components and body mass index to disordered eating in aesthetic female athletes and non-athletic females and specifically to determine if the body-esteem components are risk factors for disordered eating.MethodsOne hundred and fifty two participants, of which 61 rhythmic gymnasts, 42 synchronized swimmers and a non-athletic group of 49 female college students completed the self-esteem scale, the body-esteem scale (satisfaction with general appearance, weight satisfaction and others' evaluations of one's body and appearance), the eating attitudes test, and the body mass index was computed.ResultsResults showed a strong heteroscedasticity for EAT-26 and therefore scores were modeled separately for the three groups. For rhythmic gymnasts, the final regression model only emphasizes the role of body-esteem attribution. For the synchronized swimmers, the final regression model combines two body-esteem dimensions (body-esteem for weight and body-esteem attribution) and their interaction. For the non-athletic group, the final regression model only emphasizes body-esteem for weight. Body mass index and low self-esteem were not predictive of disordered eating and no significant relationship was found between body-esteem for appearance and eating attitudes scores. The use of exploratory graphs such as graphs of conditioning and level plots provided more detailed information on the relationship between body-esteem dimensions and eating attitude scores.ConclusionsResults contributed to the growing literature on disordered eating suggesting that attention must be paid to body-esteem for weight and attribution in the understanding of disordered eating and their interaction. Future research should take into consideration the complexity of these results and use a larger sample of aesthetic athletes to elaborate on the current findings. 相似文献
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Fiset S Beaulieu C LeBlanc V Dubé L 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2007,33(4):497-508
Spatial memory of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) for hidden objects was investigated via a visible displacement problem of object permanence with a detour paradigm. Experiment 1 showed that dogs were able to spontaneously locate a disappearing object in a detour situation. In Experiments 2 and 3, dead reckoning and allocentric spatial information were put in conflict. Results revealed that dogs simultaneously encoded both sources of information when they had to bypass an obstacle to locate a hidden object. Experiment 3 also revealed that, over the course of testing, dogs gradually learned to rely predominantly on allocentric cues when the detour involved several reorientations. The current study reveals that spatial memory of dogs for hidden objects in a detour task was guided by flexibility in processing spatial information. Dogs could simultaneously encode dead reckoning and allocentric information to locate a disappearing object and used them hierarchically according to the complexity of the detour they encountered in the environment. 相似文献
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Bruce Epperly Claude Barbre Jill Kirby Barbre Daniel Liechty David Asomaning Daniel Liechty Claude Barbre 《Journal of religion and health》2001,40(2):313-328
INFINITE GRACE: WHEN THE WORDS OF SCIENCE AND SPIRITUAL HEALING MEET. By Diane Goldner. 346 pp. Hampton Roads, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing, 1999, $23.95. DEATH ANXIETY AND CLINICAL PRACTICE. By Robert Langs. 250 pp. London: Karnac Books, 1997. $33. THE FORCE OF CHARACTER AND THE LASTING LIFE. By James Hillman. 236 pp. New York: Ballantine Books, 1999. $14. THE DEAD MOTHER: THE WORK OF ANDRE GREEN. Edited by Gregorio Kohon. 228 pp. London and New York: Routledge, 2000. $. A DARWINIAN LEFT: POLITICS, EVOLUTION AND COOPERATION. By Peter Singer. 70 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000. Hardback $. THE ECSTATIC IMAGINATION: PSYCHEDELIC EXPERIENCES AND THE PSYCHOANALYSIS OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION. By Dan Merkur. 226 pp. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1998. $19.95. THE UNKNOWN GOD: SEARCHING FOR SPIRITUAL FULFILLMENT. By Alister McGrath. 123 pp. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999. $18.00. Films: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon; Girlfight; Gladiator; The Contender 相似文献
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