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951.
952.
953.
William James and the Reinstatement of the Vague. By William Joseph Gavin.
Anti-foundationalism Old and New. Edited by Tom Rockmore and Beth Singer. 相似文献
Anti-foundationalism Old and New. Edited by Tom Rockmore and Beth Singer. 相似文献
954.
Robert H. Dowrkin Ph.D. W. Crawford Clark Joshua D. Lipsitz Xavier F. Amador Charles A. Kaufmann Lewis A. Opler Stephanie R. White Jack M. Gorman 《Motivation and emotion》1993,17(3):245-276
Affective deficits have long been considered a prominent feature of schizophrenia and play a central role in recent theory and research on the pathophysiology of this disorder. However, it has recently been argued that current approaches to the conceptualization and assessment of affective flattening in schizophrenia are confounded by the social and neuromotor deficits that are also prevalent in this disorder. Insensitivity to pain in individuals with schizophrenia — a phenomenon that has been reported frequently but never systematically investigated — provides one approach to examining affective flattening unconfounded by social and neuromotor deficits. Two studies are described in which signal detection theory measures of thermal pain sensitivity were examined in patients with schizophrenia, mood disorder, and normal controls; in addition, in the patients with schizophrenia, the relationships between these measures and measures of affective deficits were examined. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly poorer sensory discrimination of painful thermal stimuli than control subjects, but did not differ from controls with respect to their response criterion for reports of pain; patients with mood disorder had a significantly higher (i.e., more stoical) criterion for reports of pain than controls. As predicted, among the patients with schizophrenia, higher response criterion was significantly correlated with greater affective flattening and less intense affective experience (as well as with fewer positive symptoms and poorer premorbid adjustment). The results of these studies suggest that pain insensitivity in schizophrenia may reflect affective as well as sensory abnormalities, and that pain insensitivity in schizophrenia may provide a method for studying affective flattening in this disorder that is relatively independent of the social and neuromotor deficits that confound existing measures of this symptom. Continued examination of the relationship between pain insensitivity and affective deficits in schizophrenia is also important because numerous clinical reports have suggested that pain insensitivity is detrimental to health and can have life-threatening consequences in individuals with this disorder.This research was supported, in part, by research grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke to Robert H. Dworkin (NS-30714) and W. Crawford Clark (NS-09263, NS-20248). 相似文献
955.
Rolf G. Jacob Sheila R. Woody Duncan B. Clark Scott O. Lilienfeld Barry E. Hirsch Gail D. Kucera Joseph M. Furman John D. Durrant 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1993,15(4):299-324
Space and motion discomfort (SMD) refers to the situational specificity of symptoms occurring in some patients with vestibular dysfunction, such as those with balance disorders and some with panic disorder. SMD occurs in situations characterized by inadequate visual or kinesthetic information for normal spatial orientation. We report the results of two studies of the construct validity of the Situational Characteristics Questionnaire (SitQ), which has two subscales, both of which measure SMD: the SMD-I and SMD-II. In Study 1, the SitQ was administered to members of a self-help group for balance disorders, a psychiatric sample consisting of patients with panic disorder, nonpanic anxiety disorders, depression, and a sample of normals. SMD levels were the highest in the self-help balance group, next to the highest in the panic groups, and lowest in the remaining groups. In Study 2, the SitQ was administered to otolaryngological patients with vestibular dysfunction and to patients with hearing loss. SMD levels were higher in the vestibular patients. Data on internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity are presented. The SitQ, particularly the SMD-II, is recommended for quantifying space and motion discomfort in patients with anxiety and/or balance disorders.Study 1 was funded by MH 40757. Study 2 was funded by a grant from the Upjohn Company and MH 19816. 相似文献
956.
Convergent realists desire scientific methods that converge reliably to informative, true theories over a wide range of theoretical possibilities. Much attention has been paid to the problem of induction from quantifier-free data. In this paper, we employ the techniques of formal learning theory and model theory to explore the reliable inference of theories from data containing alternating quantifiers. We obtain a hierarchy of inductive problems depending on the quantifier prefix complexity of the formulas that constitute the data, and we provide bounds relating the quantifier prefix complexity of the data to the quantifier prefix complexity of the theories that can be reliably inferred from such data without background knowledge. We also examine the question whether there are theories with mixed quantifiers that can be reliably inferred with closed, universal formulas in the data, but not without. 相似文献
957.
The AIDS epidemic has had little impact on the gender differences in willingness to engage in casual sex encountered by dark and Hatfield (1989) 10 years ago. Whereas both men and women were willing to data a stranger, it was only the males who were willing to go to a female's apartment or to bed with her. These results from two experiments are consistent with the sociobiological framework. In addition, the results of Experiment 2 indicated that females were not saying no due to a concern for personal safety. 相似文献
958.
Dominic A. Clark 《Current Psychology》1990,9(3):203-235
The frequency with which verbal uncertainty expressions are employed suggests that they play an important role in the communication
of states of uncertainty and may have an important role in emerging technologies such as Expert Systems. This article critically
reviews empirical studies of verbal uncertainty expressions spanning two decades of research between 1967 and 1987 with the
principal conclusions that: (1) People are highly internally consistent in their use of verbal uncertainty expressions; (2)
No conclusions about between-subject variability are justified principally because (a) there is currently no consensus as
to what is to count as consistent or inconsistent use and (b) there are several factors that confound purported analyses of
between-subject consistency such as the composition of the stimulus set and the scaling tasks themselves; (3) One study suggests
that assessments of the meaning of verbal uncertainty expressions may be conditioned by the prior perceived probabilities
of the events they describe. However, other interpretations of this study are open. The review also discusses the more general
epistemological question of whether the concept of uncertainty as manifest by verbal uncertainty expressions is really amenable
to the unidimensional framework within which empirical studies have been conceived.
I am indebted to Dylan Jones (UWIST) for his encouragement and support and to John Fox, (ICRF), Tom Wallsten and David Budescu
for comments on earlier drafts. This work was supported, in part, by the Science and Engineering Research Council while the
author was a postgraduate student at the Department of Applied Psychology, UWIST (now UWCC School of Psychology). 相似文献
959.
Early adolescent age and gender differences in patterns of emotional self-disclosure to parents and friends 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This study explored adolescent age and gender differences in patterns of emotional self-disclosure to parents and friends. The sample consisted of 174 junior high school students between the ages of 12 and 15. Results revealed that females exhibited greater emotional self-disclosure to parents and peers than did males, and that emotional self-disclosure to friends was greatest among older adolescents. In addition, while younger adolescents preferred to disclose information about their emotional state to parents, older adolescents chose friends. Exploratory hierarchical regression analyses revealed that emotional disclosure to parents was most strongly associated with adolescent perceptions of the openness of family communication, family cohesion, and satisfaction with family relationships. Emotional disclosure to friends was associated with adolescent self-esteem in the peer context and identity development. The results are discussed in terms of the complementary socializing processes that may operate within the contexts of family and friends. 相似文献
960.
An experimental investigation of thought suppression 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
An experiment investigating the hypothesis that trying to suppress a thought will lead to an immediate and/or delayed increase in its occurrence is reported. Normal subjects listened to a taped story and then verbalized their stream of consciousness during two consecutive time periods. During the first period, one group (suppression) were asked not to think about the tape while two other groups (controls) were asked to think about anything or think about anything including the tape. During the second period, all three groups were instructed to think about anything. Results from the first period failed to support the immediate enhancement hypothesis as the suppression group reported less thoughts about the tape than the controls. However, results from the second period supported the delayed (rebound) hypothesis as subjects who had previously suppressed reported more thoughts about the tape than subjects who had not. The theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献