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111.
A total of 50 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with unilateral resection of the hippocampus and the amygdala were studied: --27 with left lobectomy (LTL group) and 23 with right lobectomy (RTL group)--; and 28 healthy control participants (HC group). The task consisted of identifying the dissimilar photograph from a group of photographs of the same face. The difference could correspond to the identity of the model or the facial expression (happiness, anger, sadness and fear). The results showed that when the difference in the photograph resided in the identity of the model, the RTL group made more mistakes than the HC group. When the facial expression was the distinguishing feature, mean response latency was longer in the LTL group than in the HC group. Comparison of the emotions revealed that the greatest differences were obtained with the fear expression, in all three participant groups. The dissociation of neural circuits responsible for processing facial expressions is discussed and, especially, the role of the left amygdala to discriminate between facial expressions. 相似文献
112.
Clara E Regolin L Vallortigara G 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2007,33(1):12-20
Spontaneous pecking preferences toward symmetric or asymmetric stimuli were tested in newborn chicks (Gallus gallus). A preference for asymmetric patterns was found in na?ve chicks (either 24 or 48 hours old), although a preference for symmetry appeared at retest after chicks had experienced standard rearing conditions (Experiments 1 and 2). Only food-experienced chicks preferred symmetric patterns; food-deprived and hand-fed chicks did not show any preference (Experiment 3). A key factor that allowed for the emergence of a preference for symmetry may relate to the improving of pecking sensorimotor skills occurring during active food manipulation. Possible explanations are discussed for the late emergence of the preference for symmetry and for the preference for asymmetry found in na?ve chicks. 相似文献
113.
114.
Rosemary S. L. Mills Wendy S. Freeman Ian P. Clara Frank J. Elgar Bobbi R. Walling Leanne Mak 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(3):359-374
We examined the link between parent proneness to shame and two forms of psychological control, overprotection and critical/rejecting
behavior, in parents of preschoolers. Because shame is self-condemning, proneness to shame affects intrapersonal and interpersonal
functioning. We hypothesized that parents’ emotion-regulatory responses to shame would increase the likelihood of psychological
control: anxiety by leading to overprotection mediated by a worrisome approach to the child, and anger/hostility by leading
to critical/rejecting parenting mediated by negative reactivity to the child. Participants were 198 mother-father pairs with
a child 3.6 to 4.5 years of age. Overprotective and critical/rejecting parenting were assessed using both self and spouse
reports of parenting practices. In addition, parents completed measures of proneness to shame, worrisome overconcern about
the child, and negative reactivity to the child. Structural equation modeling yielded results that supported mediation by
negative approach to the child for mothers’ and fathers’ critical/rejecting behavior. For fathers but not mothers, shame was
indirectly associated with overprotective parenting through worrisome approach to the child. Parents’ proneness to shame may
be an important factor leading to the use of psychological control. 相似文献
115.
Stereokinetic illusions have never been investigated in non-human primates, nor in other mammalian species. These illusions
consist in the perception of a 3D solid object when certain 2D stimuli are rotated slowly in the plane perpendicular to the
line of sight. The ability to perceive the stereokinetic illusion was investigated in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Four adult marmosets were trained to discriminate between a solid cylinder and a solid cone for food reward. Once learning
criterion was reached, the marmosets were tested in sets of eight probe trials in which the two solid objects used at training
were replaced by two rotating 2D stimuli. Only one of these stimuli produced, at least to the human observer, the stereokinetic
illusion corresponding to the solid object previously reinforced. At test, the general behaviour and the total time spent
by the marmosets observing each stimulus were recorded. The subjects stayed longer near the stimulus producing the stereokinetic
illusion corresponding to the solid object reinforced at training than they did near the illusion corresponding to the previously
non-rewarded stimulus. Hence, the common marmosets behaved as if they could perceive stereokinetic illusions. 相似文献
116.
Melissa K. Goates-Jones Clara E. Hill Jessica V. Stahl Elizabeth E. Doschek 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2009,22(2):221-231
In an investigation of the exploration stage of single counselling sessions with 26 anxious female volunteer clients and 13 female doctoral student therapists, no overall association was found between client narrative processing modes and subsequent therapist verbal response modes. There was evidence in a third of the sample for an association between therapist response modes and subsequent client narrative modes, such that clients used more internal than external or reflexive narrative processing modes when therapists used open questions about feelings and reflections of feelings. Client and therapist helpfulness ratings did not differ for different therapist response modes or client narrative process modes. Hence, overall results suggested that all four therapist response modes (open questions about thoughts, open questions about feelings, restatements, reflections of feelings) are effective during the exploration stage. 相似文献
117.
Perceived risk is a complex concept that influences the genetic counseling process and can affect client coping and behavior.
Although the association between family history and risk perception is well recognized in the literature, no studies have
explored this relationship specifically in those seeking genetic susceptibility testing for a common chronic condition. REVEAL
is a randomized trial assessing the impact of APOE disclosure and genetic risk assessment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using
baseline REVEAL data, we hypothesized that there would be a significant association between the degree of AD family history
and risk perception of AD, and that this relationship would be stronger in those who believed that genetics is a very important
AD risk factor. In our sample of 293 participants, we found that a higher self-perceived risk of AD was associated with strength
of family history of AD (p < 0.001), belief in genetics as an important AD risk factor (p < 0.001), being female (p < 0.001) and being Caucasian (p = 0.02). These results are the first to demonstrate the association between family history and risk perception in persons
volunteering for genetic susceptibility testing for a common complex disease. 相似文献
118.
Cheryl R. Kaiser Nao Hagiwara Lori W. Malahy Clara L. Wilkins 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):770-777
Three studies examined the hypothesis that group identification moderates African Americans’, Asian Americans’, and women’s attitudes toward fellow ingroup members who challenge an outgroup member’s discriminatory comments or who do not speak up about the comments. Highly identified racial minorities expressed more positive attitudes toward ingroup members who confronted discriminatory comments compared to those who did not confront; whereas weakly identified minorities did not express different attitudes across the two conditions. Among women, the weakly identified expressed more negative attitudes toward other women who confronted discrimination relative to those who did not confront; whereas highly identified women did not differentially evaluate ingroup members in the two conditions. The less women identified with their group, the more negatively they evaluated ingroup members who confronted sexism. This research highlights the important role of group identification in understanding how members of devalued groups respond toward ingroup members who take a stand against discrimination. 相似文献
119.
Josefine L. Lilja Fredrik Falkenström Clara Zelleroth Emma Jacobson Stina Risberg Linnea Nissling Sandra Weineland 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2020,61(3):369-379
Over a period of 15 years several attempts to conceptualize mindfulness have been presented and revised, but there is still no clear or agreed-upon definition. The use of mindfulness-based interventions has increased in clinical and research settings the last couple of years, including in Sweden. As a clinician it is crucial to know if a treatment works through the theoretically postulated mechanisms of change. Mindfulness is a concept that is difficult to measure. The overall aim of the current project was to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ_SWE) using three different studies. To test the construct validity of the FFMQ_SWE a hierarchal confirmatory factor analysis was performed in a meditating non-clinical sample, to examine if all the five facets would load on an overall mindfulness construct. Psychometric properties of the instrument were examined in a non-clinical and a clinical sample, and discriminative relationships with other variables were analysed. The convergent validity was examined by analysing the correlations between FFMQ_SWE and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Sense of Coherence and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Test-retest reliability was tested by distributing FFMQ_SWE at two occasions. The hierarchal confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit in a population of meditators. The FFMQ_SWE showed good convergent validity and test-retest reliability in both clinical and non-clinical populations. In sum, the Swedish version of the FFMQ showed good psychometric properties and can be a useful instrument as an evaluation of treatment effects in both health care settings and research settings. 相似文献
120.