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311.
Claude Barbre 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2012,72(4):409-417
Drawing from Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's psychological and psychodynamic study of prejudice as a starting point, this paper explores the phenomenon of childism—namely, the prejudice again children—from a Rankian psychodynamic perspective. Young-Bruehl argues that childism is comparable to prejudices such as anti-Semitism, sexism, and racism, and serves such purposes as the elimination of an individual's personhood, sexual exploitation, and the erasure of identity. Adding to Young-Bruehl's analysis of the social and psychological causes and effects of prejudice against children, this paper will examine the nature and dangers of childism explicit and implicit in the writings of Otto Rank. We will examine the development of creative will in child maturation—a development that childist forms of prejudice may obstruct, inhibit, and compromise. We will see that Young-Bruehl's foundational writing on childism echoes many of the observations and writings of Otto Rank in regard to the prejudice against children, and how such prejudice deeply diminishes, undermines, and fractures our unfolding lives and creative will in a shared world. 相似文献
312.
The conflict monitoring model of cognitive control posits that response conflict triggers a top-down enhancement of a task’s
representation in working memory. In the present study, we conducted a novel test of the conflict monitoring model using a
voluntary task switching paradigm. We predicted that a task’s representation would be enhanced following events associated
with high response conflict (i.e., incongruent trials and incorrect responses), leading participants to voluntarily choose
to repeat that task more often after these events than after events associated with low response conflict (i.e., congruent
trials and correct responses). In two experiments, performance following incongruent trials was consistent with the conflict
monitoring model. However, performance following incorrect trials did not fit with the model’s predictions. These findings
provide novel support for the conflict monitoring model while revealing new effects of incorrect trials that the model cannot
explain. 相似文献
313.
Masin SC 《Psychological research》2012,76(1):1-7
The study explored the achromatic-color determinants of grouping of uniform surfaces. The stimuli were a set of separate uniform
achromatic disks on either a uniform or a bipartite achromatic background. The participants rated the salience of grouping
of these disks for different combinations of stimulus luminances. The results show that achromatic color similarity alone
could not sufficiently explain the pattern of obtained factorial curves but this factor coupled with the factor of surface
segregation could. Luminance contrast similarity per se was found to be unimportant for grouping. 相似文献
314.
The purpose of this study was to examine 1) the extent to which the gender marketing of toys on the Internet replicates findings of previous studies of the gendering of toys, and 2) the extent to which toys for “both boys and girls”, a previously overlooked category of toys, share characteristics, such as color and type of toy, with toys marketed for “boys only” or for “girls only”. The sample consisted of the 410 toys listed for boys and the 208 toys listed for girls, including 91 toys that appeared on both lists, on the English language U.S. Disney Store website. The marketing of toys on the Disney Store website is important not only because of the growth in e-commerce, but also because of this company’s global domination of the children’s entertainment industry. Tabular analysis and chi-square revealed that bold colored toys, predominantly red, black, brown, or gray toys, and those that were action figures, building toys, weapons, or small vehicles typified toys for “boys only” on this U.S. website. Pastel colored toys, predominantly pink or purple toys, and those that were dolls, beauty, cosmetics, jewelry, or domestic-oriented typified toys for “girls only”. A majority of toys for “both boys and girls” were mostly “gender-neutral” in type, but they resembled toys for “boys only” in terms of their color palette, presumably to appeal to boys, who are less likely to cross gender lines than girls. The potential impact of the gendering of toys on individuals as well as limitations of this research and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
315.
The present article describes the development and initial validation of the Inventory of Microaggressions Against Black Individuals (IMABI) using a sample of 385 undergraduates who self-identified as Black or African American. The IMABI is a 14-item, unidimensional measure of racial microaggressions that captures both microinsults and microinvalidations. The present findings support the IMABI as a reliable and valid measure of microaggressions that was associated with general distress and perceived stress. Importantly, the association between the IMABI and psychological adjustment persisted even when social desirability and another measure of race-related stress were included in the analyses. Discussion focuses on the potential implications of the IMABI for understanding the daily experiences and psychological adjustment of Black individuals. 相似文献
316.
This paper surveys the field of Judaism and health. The authors trace the history of discourse on health and healing within
Judaism, from the biblical and rabbinic eras to contemporary research and writing on Jewish bioethics, pastoral care, communal
services, and aging, including congregational and community programming related to health and illness and the emergence of
the Jewish healing movement. The work of the Kalsman Institute on Judaism and Health is described, focusing on efforts to
unite these various threads into a scholarly field emphasizing basic and applied research on the instrumental functions of
Jewish religious life for health and well-being. 相似文献
317.
Jotkowitz A 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):835-840
A new bill regulating ovum donation in Israel is set to pass its second and third readings in the Israel Parliament in the
upcoming months. The new law will expand the number of locally donated ova available, as previously Israeli women were prohibited
from donating eggs unless they were undergoing fertility treatment. Parallel to this legislative initiative, there has been
a change in rabbinical thinking over who is considered the mother in a case of surrogacy. Previously, the consensus has been
that the birth mother is to be considered the mother, but over the last few years there has been a change in thinking and
the genetic mother is now considered the mother. The purpose of this paper is to present the ethical and legal issues from
a Jewish perspective in determining maternal identity. The dilemma also demonstrates some of the difficulties in applying
Talmudic law to modern problems and the various methodologies used to overcome these issues. 相似文献
318.
Ernst R. Schwarz Kiran J. Philip Sinan A. Simsir Lawrence Czer Alfredo Trento Stuart G. Finder Laurent A. Cleenewerck 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):872-879
Deciding who should receive maximal technological treatment options and who should not represents an ethical, moral, psychological
and medico-legal challenge for health care providers. Especially in patients with chronic heart failure, the ethical and medico-legal
issues associated with providing maximal possible care or withholding the same are coming to the forefront. Procedures, such
as cardiac transplantation, have strict criteria for adequate candidacy. These criteria for subsequent listing are based on
clinical outcome data but also reflect the reality of organ shortage. Lack of compliance and non-adherence to lifestyle changes
represent relative contraindications to heart transplant candidacy. Mechanical circulatory support therapy using ventricular
assist devices is becoming a more prominent therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure who are not candidates
for transplantation, which also requires strict criteria to enable beneficial outcome for the patient. Physicians need to
critically reflect that in many cases, the patient’s best interest might not always mean pursuing maximal technological options
available. This article reflects on the multitude of critical issues that health care providers have to face while caring
for patients with end-stage heart failure. 相似文献
319.
The number of HIV-positive Latinas of child-bearing age living on the US–Mexico border is a growing concern. Little is known
about how religious beliefs influence the reproductive health decisions of these women in light of disease demands and cultural
and religious norms that support high fertility rates and childbearing. Such decisions may be further complicated by the stigma
of HIV/AIDS and structural issues related to immigration status and trans-border lives. This paper analyzes extant literature
and supports the need for further research so that policy makers and heath and social service providers can develop meaningful
and comprehensive reproductive-health related interventions. 相似文献
320.
Rachel M. Schafer Paul J. Handal Peter A. Brawer Megan Ubinger 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(2):232-239
This study was a follow up investigation of Brawer et al.’s (Prof Psychol Res Pr 33(2):203–206, 2002) survey of education and training of clinical psychologists in religion/spirituality. Directors of clinical training were
surveyed to determine whether changes had occurred in the coverage of religion and spirituality through course work, research,
supervision, and in the systematic coverage of the content area. Results indicated an increased coverage in the areas of supervision,
dedicated courses, inclusion as part of another course, and research. There was no increase in systematic coverage, but significantly
more programs provided at least some coverage. The current study also assesses other areas of incorporation as well as directors’
opinions regarding the importance of religion/spirituality in the field of psychology. 相似文献