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91.
The relationships between self-report and observer-rating versions of personality questionnaires within families in the Spanish cultural context were studied. In the first sample, 336 couples rated the personality of one of their children. The children also assessed their own personality. Goldberg's adjectives were administered. In the second sample, 120 university students rated the personality of their parents. Both parents also assessed their own personality. In this case, Goldberg's adjectives and the NEO-PI-R were administered. Results replicate the level of agreement found in other cultural contexts. Correlations were around .40, and the effect size of the mean differences was not large. Children were more accurate than parents, larger agreement coefficients were found for the NEO-PI-R than for Goldberg's adjectives in Sample 2, especially for the Openness factor, and no substantial role for the sex variable was found in either sample. Implications and limitations of the present study are discussed. 相似文献
92.
Episodic memory and semantic memory interact very closely. In particular, episodic memory encoding (EE) tends to elicit semantic memory retrieval (SR), and vice versa. Thus, similar activations for EE and SR in functional neuroimaging studies may reflect shared memory processes, or they may reflect the fact that EE and SR are usually confounded. To address this issue, we used a factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to disentangle the neural correlates of EE and SR. Within the left temporal lobe, the hippocampus was associated with successful EE, whereas a posterior lateral region was associated with successful SR. Within the left inferior prefrontal cortex, a posterior region was involved in SR, a mid region was involved in both SR and EE, and an anterior region was involved in EE, but only when SR was also high. Thus, the neural correlates of EE and SR are dissociable but interact in specific brain regions. 相似文献
93.
Camarda R Camarda C Monastero R Grimaldi S Camarda LK Pipia C Caltagirone C Gangitano M 《Behavioural neurology》2007,18(3):135-142
We evaluated the relationship between motor and neuropsychological deficits in subjects affected by amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and early Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Kinematics of goal-directed movement of aMCI and AD subjects were compared to those of age-matched control subjects. AD showed a slowing down of motor performance compared to aMCI and controls. No relationships were found between motor and cognitive performances in both AD and aMCI. Our results suggest that the different motor behaviour between AD and aMCI cannot be related to memory deficits, probably reflecting the initial degeneration of parietal-frontal circuits for movement planning. The onset of motor dysfunction in early AD could represent the transition from aMCI to AD. 相似文献
94.
Surcinelli P Baldaro B Balsamo A Bolzani R Gennari M Rossi NC 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,105(2):477-482
This study of the presence of alexithymic characteristics in obese adolescents and preadolescents tested the hypothesis of whether they showed impaired recognition and expression of emotion. The sample included 30 obese young participants and a control group of 30 participants of normal weight for their ages. Stimuli, 42 faces representing seven emotional expressions, were shown to participants who identified the emotion expressed in the face. The Level of Emotional Awareness Scale was adapted for children to evaluate their ability to describe their emotions. Young obese participants had significantly lower scores than control participants, but no differences were found in recognition of emotion. The lack of words to describe emotions might suggest a greater prevalence of alexithymic characteristics in the obese participants, but the hypothesis of a general deficit in the processing of emotional experiences was not supported. 相似文献
95.
Palmero EI Ashton-Prolla P da Rocha JC Vargas FR Kalakun L Blom MB Azevedo SJ Caleffi M Giugliani R Schüler-Faccini L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(3):363-371
Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) accounts for 5–10% of breast cancer cases and it significantly increases the lifetime risk
of cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the sociodemographic variables, family history of cancer, breast cancer (BC) screening
practices and the risk profile of cancer affected or asymptomatic at-risk women that undergo genetic counseling for hereditary
breast cancer in public Brazilian cancer genetics services. Estimated lifetime risk of BC was calculated for asymptomatic
women using the Gail and Claus models. The majority of women showed a moderate lifetime risk of developing BC, with an average
risk of 19.7% and 19.9% by the Gail and Claus models, respectively. The average prior probability of carrying a BRCA1/2 gene mutation was 16.7% and overall only 32% fulfilled criteria for a hereditary breast cancer syndrome as assessed by family
history. We conclude that a significant number of individuals at high-risk for HBC syndromes may not have access to the benefits
of cancer genetic counseling in these centers. Contributing factors may include insufficient training of healthcare professionals,
disinformation of cancer patients; difficult access to genetic testing and/or resistance in seeking such services. The identification
and understanding of these barriers is essential to develop specific strategies to effectively achieve cancer risk reduction
in this and other countries were clinical cancer genetics is not yet fully established. 相似文献
96.
Roberto Poli 《Axiomathes》2007,17(1):1-18
The thesis is defended that the theories of causation, time and space, and levels of reality are mutually interrelated in
such a way that the difficulties internal to theories of causation and to theories of space and time can be understood better,
and perhaps dealt with, in the categorial context furnished by the theory of the levels of reality. The structural condition
for this development to be possible is that the first two theories be opportunely generalized.
相似文献
Roberto PoliEmail: |
97.
We carried out three experiments aimed at testing whether hand posture affects the compatibility effect that Chen and Bargh
(1999) found between a word’s emotional connotation and arm movement direction. In the present study, participants responded
by pressing two buttons: one placed near their body, the other far away. In Experiment 1, in which they pressed the response
button with their hand open, RTs were shorter when participants pressed the far button for positive words and the near button for negative words, as if they simulated reaching for something good and avoiding something bad. However, in Experiments
2 and 3, in which participants pressed the response button with a tennis ball in their hand, RTs were shorter when participants
pressed the near button for positive words and the far button for negative words, as if they simulated drawing a good thing closer and pushing a bad thing away. Results are discussed
within the framework of theories on concept grounding in emotion and action systems. 相似文献
98.
Scholz U La Marca R Nater UM Aberle I Ehlert U Hornung R Martin M Kliegel M 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,91(1):89-92
Acute stress has been found to have negative and implementation intentions (IIs) to have positive effects on cognitive performance. This study was the first to examine the effects of IIs on executive action control under acute psychosocial stress. Forty-two male subjects aged 21-39 years were randomly assigned to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) versus a rest condition. In addition, the instruction to the executive task (a go no-go task) was manipulated (IIs versus standard instruction). After the stress test, a dual-task procedure including a go no-go task was conducted. The TSST resulted in increases in cortisol response, heart rate and state anxiety compared to the rest condition. Acute stress significantly impaired go no-go performance, but only in the group without IIs. We conclude that under acute stress conditions executive functioning is reduced, but the use of IIs can be an effective strategy to overcome this negative effect. 相似文献
99.
Roberto Arrighi Fortunato Tito Arecchi Alessandro Farini Carolina Gheri 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(Z1):95-99
The term perceptual bistability refers to all those conditions in which an observer looks at an ambiguous stimulus that can
have two or more distinct but equally reliable interpretations. In this work, we investigate perception of Necker Cube in
which bistability consists of the possibility to interpret the cube depth in two different ways. We manipulated the cube ambiguity
by darkening one of the cube faces (cue) to provide a clear cube interpretation due to the occlusion depth index. When the
position of the cue is stationary the cube perceived perspective is steady and driven by the cue position. However, when we
alternated in time the cue position (i.e. we changed the position of the darkened cube face) two different perceptual phenomena
occurred: for low frequencies the cube perspective alternated in line with the position of the cue; however for high frequencies
the cue was no longer able to bias the perception but it appears as a floating feature traveling across the solid with the
cube whole perspective that returns to be bistable as in the conventional, bias-free, case. 相似文献
100.