论作为"成己"的 Ereignis

本文对海德格尔后期哲学的重要术语 Ereignis 从其词源、语义和用法上进行了比较全面的梳理,提出海氏这一概念所表达的四重"共属一体"的关联,即存在和人、存在和时间、存在和思、存在和语言(道说)的四种"同一性"关联,认为这一关联应该译为"成己"或"成其己".本文还在引证中改译了一系列海氏著作中译本中的译文,表明以"成己"来译海氏这一术语可以贯通与之相关的几乎一切其他术语,从而结束目前海氏中译本中译名过杂而不清晰的现状.本文借此破解了海氏著作中一些令人百思不解的难懂之处,有助于凸现海氏一贯的思维进路.     

工作记忆和句法复杂性对汉语判断单句的影响

采用自控步速移动窗口技术,研究了言语工作记忆与句法复杂性对汉语判断单句加工的影响.实验结果表明:汉语判断单句语义提取和命题表征受句法复杂性和言语工作记忆容量的影响;加工模式上,结构相同但句法难度不同的判断单句存在相同的语义焦点;句子-图片验证过程中,高容量者受句法难度、语义失配影响较小,验证时间显著短于低容量者.     

场依存性认知方式对问题表征及表征转换的影响

从238名初一学生被试中筛选出场依存组和场独立组各64名,对两组被试在线索提示前后解决表述明确问题、隐含信息问题、含误导信息问题进行比较.结果显示:隐含和误导信息会导致被试问题表征错误增加,线索提示可从总体上改善被试的信息提取与识别,但其对问题表征及表征转换的促进效应均受到被试场依存性认知方式的影响.场独立性者不善于接受提示,场依存性者能在线索提示下更有效地识别与纠正问题表征错误.在有误导信息时,场依存性者对表征错误的识别与纠正存在困难.     

反向眼跳的实验范式、机制及影响因素

反向眼跳任务是研究内源性眼跳的主要方法。1978年,Hallett在研究中首次使用了反向眼跳的实验任务。实验中要求被试抑制对外围目标的注视,并注视它的相反位置。反向眼跳任务是研究行为控制以及注意功能的有效范式。目前认为反向眼跳任务中的朝向眼跳和反向眼跳计划是同时加工并相互竞争的,并且反向眼跳的产生与额顶叶皮层下组织有关。反向眼跳会受到多种因素的影响,例如,空白效应、工作记忆、认知老化、目标离心率等。     

康德的道德形而上学及其与儒家伦理的比较

康德所开创的道德形而上学仍然是某种意义上的"物理学之后",即以知识论和逻辑规范为框架或"模型"而建立起来的道德原则。这种规范伦理学与儒家的德性伦理学在出发点上是截然不同的,但这并不妨碍双方可以以某种方式相容和互补,即以康德规范伦理学的普遍原则为纲,而以儒家的"良知"和"四端"学说为补充。但前提是,首先对儒家伦理进行一番现象学还原,剔除那些具体的缺乏普遍性的伪规范,还原到其中的人类共同的规范,也就是通过具体批判来达到抽象继承。这就是我所设想的中国今天的道德建设路线图。     

The “Buzz” Behind the Buzz Matters: Energetic and Tense Arousal as Separate Motivations for Word of Mouth

This research provides a novel theoretical framework to explain the missing mechanism behind one of the strongest predictors for engaging in word of mouth (WOM): the consumer's psychological arousal (i.e., greater arousal leads to greater WOM; e.g., Berger, 2011). Across six studies (N = 1,309), we provide evidence for a motivational theory of the arousal–WOM relationship, highlighting the importance of the WOM's valence (positive vs. negative) as well as the consumer's salient type of arousal (energetic vs. tense; Thayer, 1989). In doing so, we demonstrate that consumers use WOM as an arousal management strategy: They are motivated to engage in positive WOM to maintain or increase their energetic arousal and to engage in negative WOM to reduce or eliminate their tense arousal. These findings also demonstrate the importance of the WOM recipient's response for the WOM source to achieve his/her desired arousal state. Thus, this work both expands our understanding of the arousal–WOM relationship and provides a framework for interpreting past work and conducting future investigations into when and how consumers will engage in WOM.     

认知能量模型--一种更为综合的ADHD认知理论

认知能量模型是J.A.Sergeant等人提出的一种解释ADHD缺陷机制的综合性实证理论。该模型基于信息加工理论,结合了状态因素理论和几种相对成熟的模型,尝试对ADHD提供一种较为理想的解释。本文在此对该模型的基本观点、模型结构及其有关的实证研究进行介绍,并探讨认知能量模型对于未来ADHD研究的启示。     

A business frame perspective on why perceptions of top management's bottom-line mentality result in employees’ good and bad behaviors

Emerging research suggests that bottom-line mentalities (BLMs) (i.e., a sole focus on bottom-line outcomes to the exclusion of other considerations) can have dysfunctional consequences within the workplace. However, research has yet to consider how and why BLMs may result in both beneficial and dysfunctional organizational outcomes. In the present research, we examine employees’ perceptions of top management's BLM as a type of business frame that results in two cognitive states. Under the influence of this business frame, employees may adopt a mental preoccupation with work (i.e., a state of ongoing work-related cognitions) that propels beneficial employee outcomes by reducing customer incivility and enhancing customer service performance. Yet, also in response to top management's high BLM as a business frame, employees may adopt self-interest cognitions (i.e., a cognitive state of self-interest) that instigate customer-directed unethical conduct. Across two field studies, we found general support for our hypotheses. Taken together, our findings suggest that perceptions of top management's high BLM can be a mixed blessing in that it may drive employees to adopt focused work efforts (mental preoccupation with work), but also self-interest cognitions, with each cognitive state predicting beneficial or dysfunctional behaviors. We discuss the implications of these findings and directions for future research.     

The role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning: From general to specific

This study examined the role of inhibitory control in the development of analogical reasoning using inter-task priming paradigms. In Experiment 1, 25 seven-year-olds, 27 nine-year-olds, and 27 adults completed Stroop tasks, which activated general inhibitory control ability, before analogical reasoning tasks. Children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when they were primed by Stroop tasks. This priming effect was found to be stronger in children than in adults. In Experiment 2, 25 seven-year-olds, 28 nine-year-olds, and 28 adults completed relative number matching tasks, a more task-relevant inhibitory control task, before analogical reasoning tasks. The children and adults performed faster on analogical reasoning tasks when primed by relative number matching tasks. The priming effect was greater in seven-year-olds than in nine-year-olds and was greater in nine-year-olds than in adults. Thus, inhibitory control, whether assessed with general or specific tasks, played a priming role in analogical reasoning.     

五台山——民族文化交流的纽带

自元朝藏传佛教萨逛派领袖八思巴巡礼五台山后，历代帝王及藏传佛教领袖人物，都十分看重五台山。五台山始终是沟通汉、藏、蒙、满、土等民族文化交流的重要纽带。