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231.
Eddie Harmon‐Jones Todor Gerdjikov Cindy Harmon‐Jones 《European journal of social psychology》2008,38(1):35-45
The action‐based model of dissonance and recent advances in neuroscience suggest that commitment to action should cause greater relative left frontal cortical activity. An induced compliance experiment was conducted in which electroencephalographic activity was recorded following commitment to action, operationalized with a perceived choice manipulation. Perceived high as compared to low choice to engage in the counterattitudinal action caused attitudes to be more consistent with the action. Also, high choice caused greater relative left frontal cortical activity than low choice. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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233.
An integrative framework is proposed for understanding how multiple biological and psychological systems are regulated in the context of adult attachment relationships, dysregulated by separation and loss experiences, and, potentially, re-regulated through individual recovery efforts. Evidence is reviewed for a coregulatory model of normative attachment, defined as a pattern of interwoven physiology between romantic partners that results from the conditioning of biological reward systems and the emergence of felt security within adult pair bonds. The loss of coregulation can portend a state of biobehavioral dysregulation, ranging from diffuse psychophysiological arousal and disorganization to a full-blown (and highly organized) stress response. The major task for successful recovery is adopting a self-regulatory strategy that attenuates the dysregulating effects of the attachment disruption. Research evidence is reviewed across multiple levels of analysis, and the article concludes with a series of testable research questions on the interconnected nature of attachment, loss, and recovery processes. 相似文献
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235.
Cindy Lustig Priti Shah Rachael Seidler Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz 《Neuropsychology review》2009,19(4):504-522
As the population ages, the need for effective methods to maintain or even improve older adults’ cognitive performance becomes
increasingly pressing. Here we provide a brief review of the major intervention approaches that have been the focus of past
research with healthy older adults (strategy training, multi-modal interventions, cardiovascular exercise, and process-based
training), and new approaches that incorporate neuroimaging. As outcome measures, neuroimaging data on intervention-related
changes in volume, structural integrity; and functional activation can provide important insights into the nature and duration
of an intervention’s effects. Perhaps even more intriguingly, several recent studies have used neuroimaging data as a guide
to identify core cognitive processes that can be trained in one task with effective transfer to other tasks that share the
same underlying processes. Although many open questions remain, this research has greatly increased our understanding of how
to promote successful aging of cognition and the brain. 相似文献
236.
Cindy Poore-Pariseau 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2009,7(3):223-230
The quality of the educational experience for students may be at risk if they are not taught in ways that are effective and
pertinent. While educational institutions (administrators, faculty senates or a combination) may try to compel faculty members
to gain knowledge of and utilize up-to-date learning and instructional design strategies, these faculty members may baulk
at this mandate, citing academic freedom as their right to design their courses in any way they see fit. Following is a discussion
exploring the issue, suggesting that regardless of how academic freedom is interpreted, faculty members have an ethical obligation
to deliver instruction in ways that do not violate students' rights to learn. Consequently, institutions have a right as well
as a duty to compel their faculty members to follow through with this obligation. 相似文献
237.
The nature of processes underlying our perception of reversible figures was examined through two experiments investigating the effects of prior exposure conditions on an observer's report of figural reversal. In experiment 1, observers were adapted over several minutes to an unambiguous version of a rotating Necker cube prior to the presentation of the standard ambiguous figure. Results indicated that adaptation produced an immediate bias to perceive the ambiguous figure in the opposite configuration (ie reverse bias) and to reduce reports of reversal over the test period. The introduction of a brief delay between the adaptation and test periods revealed that this bias is a highly transient effect and is only clearly evident when the adaptation and test figures are matched in size. In experiment 2, observers were primed with an unambiguous figure for a few seconds prior to the presentation of the standard ambiguous figure. In this case, the obtained bias strongly favored the observer's reporting the ambiguous figure to be in the same configuration as the adapting figure (ie positive bias); and neither introducing a delay period nor changing figure size had any effect. We conclude that these experiments reveal the distinct roles of transient, retinally localized neural processes as well as more stable, global processes under specifiable conditions. 相似文献
238.
Justice as a dependent variable: subordinate charisma as a predictor of interpersonal and informational justice perceptions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Research in the organizational justice literature has shown that interpersonal and informational justice are significant predictors of subordinate attitudes and behaviors. However, scholars have neglected to explore whether certain subordinate characteristics might be associated with managers' adherence to interpersonal and informational justice rules. The current authors' study tested a model, inspired by approach-avoidance perspectives (e.g., Gray, 1990), in which manager ratings of subordinate charisma influenced subordinate ratings of interpersonal and informational justice through the mechanisms of positive and negative sentiments (i.e., emotions felt by the manager toward the subordinate). A field study of 181 employees of a large national insurance company revealed partial support for this model. Structural equation modeling revealed that subordinate charisma was related to interpersonal justice perceptions, a relationship that was fully mediated by positive and negative sentiments. However, subordinate charisma was not associated with informational justice perceptions. These findings signal the potential utility in examining subordinate-based predictors of justice variables. 相似文献
239.
The purpose of this study was to determine if inhibiting responses improves performance on the Tower of London (TOL). The
TOL has been assumed, though not experimentally proven, to be a measure of problem-solving ability. Problem solving involves
inhibiting responses. Finding inhibition to be a factor in successfully completing TOL tasks would help to validate this tool
and the research that utilizes it. Student volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups. Inhibition was induced in one
of the groups by experimenter suggestion before each trial. The mean performance of the inhibited group was significantly
higher, which suggests inhibiting responses increases TOL performance. 相似文献
240.
This study examined racial/ethnic group differences on an interest inventory at the item level using differential bundle functioning (DBF) analyses. Specifically, responses of males and females from five different racial/ethnic groups (N=3750) on the General Occupational Themes of the Strong were examined. Items were grouped together based on substantive considerations to determine if they functioned differentially due to racial/ethnic group differences in role modeling, perceptions of opportunities/barriers, familiarity with activities, and cultural expectations, as opposed to true racial/ethnic group differences in interests. Very high levels of DBF were found for most of the item sets considered in this study, implying that diverse cultural groups have a different conditional probability of endorsing some sets of items due to the items measuring a secondary trait in addition to the main trait the scale was designed to measure. 相似文献