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91.
Guérard K Tremblay S 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(3):834-843
In serial memory for spatial information, performance is impaired when distractors are interpolated between to-be-remembered (TBR) stimuli (Tremblay, Nicholls, Parmentier, & Jones, 2005). The so-called sandwich effect, combined with the use of eye tracking, served as a tool for examining the role of the oculomotor system in serial memory for spatial information. Participants had to recall the order in which sequences of TBR locations were presented. In some trials, to-be-ignored blue dots were presented after each TBR location. Our results show that response locations shift toward the location of the distractors, and this deviation is related to the eye movement deviation toward the distractor location. These results suggest that TBR and to-be-ignored locations are encoded onto a common map that could lie within the oculomotor system. Interference in memory for spatial information is interpreted in light of a model of oculomotor behavior (Godijn & Theeuwes, 2002b). 相似文献
92.
Edward C. Chang Liangqiu Wan Pengzi Li Yuncheng Guo Jiaying He Yu Gu 《The Journal of psychology》2017,151(5):453-463
This study examined loneliness and future orientation as predictors of suicidal risk, namely, depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, in a sample of 228 college students (54 males and 174 females). Results of regression analyses indicated that loneliness was a significant predictor of both indices of suicidal risk. The inclusion of future orientation was found to significantly augment the prediction model of both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, even after accounting for loneliness. Noteworthy, beyond loneliness and future orientation, the Loneliness × Future Orientation interaction term was found to further augment both prediction models of suicidal risk. Consistent with the notion that future orientation is an important buffer of suicidal risk, among lonely students, those with high future orientation, compared to low future orientation, were found to report significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Some implications of the present findings for studying both risk and protective factors associated with suicidal risk in young adults are discussed. 相似文献
93.
Katherine Guérard Ian Neath Aimée M. Surprenant Sébastien Tremblay 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(1):83-91
Several studies have shown that recall performance depends on the extent to which an item differs from other items in a sequence
(the distinctiveness effect; see, e.g., Kelley & Nairne, 2001). Distinctiveness effects, however, have been demonstrated mainly
in the verbal domain. The present study extends distinctiveness effects to the spatial domain. In two experiments, participants
recalled the order in which series of spatially located dots had been presented. Item discriminability was varied within the
sequence by manipulating the duration of the interval inserted between the presentation of the dots (Experiment 1) and the
perceptual characteristics of the stimuli (Experiment 2). The results showed that these manipulations in the spatial domain
produce distinctiveness effects similar to those observed with verbal material (see, e.g., Neath & Crowder, 1990) and suggest
that distinctiveness models of memory should take into account the processing of spatial information. 相似文献
94.
95.
Empirical studies of creativity emphasize the importance of ambiguity advantage in idea generation and creative problem‐solving. This study examined whether ambiguous figures could directly induce a mind‐set that would transfer to the creative problem‐solving. In Experiment 1, we examined whether presentation of ambiguous figures would influence participants' performance in alternative uses tasks, and the results showed that prior exposure to ambiguous figures significantly enhanced participants' performance in the dimension of fluency, flexibility, and originality than those exposed to non‐ambiguous figures; in general uses tasks, there were no significant difference in the reaction time and originality between the ambiguous figure condition and non‐ambiguous figure condition. In Experiment 2, the facilitative effect of ambiguous figures on creative thinking was further examined with creative story generation tasks that demand more mental effort and increased cognitive load. Results showed that creativity of stories generated in ambiguous figure condition was scored significantly higher than those in non‐ambiguous figure condition. The current research extends our understanding of the facilitative effect of ambiguous figures on creative problem‐solving. 相似文献
96.
Guérard K Tremblay S 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2008,34(3):556-569
The authors revisited evidence in favor of modularity and of functional equivalence between the processing of verbal and spatial information in short-term memory. This was done by investigating the patterns of intrusions, omissions, transpositions, and fill-ins in verbal and spatial serial recall and order reconstruction tasks under control, articulatory suppression, and spatial tapping conditions. The authors observed that when tasks were fully equated, all patterns of errors were equivalent between the verbal and spatial domains. Moreover, articulatory suppression interfered more with the verbal memory tasks than with the spatial memory tasks. This interference was mostly due to an increase of omissions and transpositions. Similarly, tapping was more disruptive of spatial memory than of verbal memory tasks and affected primarily the number of omissions and transpositions. The patterns of errors and their interaction with interference are discussed in light of the predominant approaches to modeling memory and provide a rich set of data for modeling efforts. 相似文献
97.
僧睿所撰<大品经序>介绍了鸠摩罗什翻译<摩诃般若波罗蜜经>的一些情况,指出鸠摩罗什译出此经后在翻译<大智度论>的过程中继续修改此经,并以9对词语为例谈及鸠摩罗什翻译及修订此经时所作的语言创新.但是,僧睿<大品经序>的记载同今存相关汉文佛典的实际用语并不完全一致,它同僧祐<出三藏记集>的相关记载也有出入.调查表明,同为鸠摩罗什主译而成的<摩诃般若波罗蜜经>和<大智度论>部分用语彼此有别,今本<摩诃般若波罗蜜经>有可能并非鸠摩罗什心目中的最后定稿;诸多材料显示,今存汉译佛典和中土佛教撰述都有可能在传抄过程中失真. 相似文献
98.
99.
以上海市6所高校的565名大学生作为被试,采用定量与定性相结合的方法,探讨不同年级、不同性别、文理科大学生的网络行为偏好.结果表明,在信息获得偏好得分上,文科生显著高于理科生,男、女生得分差异不显著,存在显著的年级与学科交互作用,随年级增加信息获得偏好得分呈递增趋势;在游戏偏好得分上,男生显著高于女生,理科生显著高于文科生,随年级增加游戏偏好得分呈递减趋势,性别与学科,年级与学科均存在显著交互作用.交往偏好得分的性别、专业、年级的主效应不显著,但性别与学科有非常显著的交瓦效应. 相似文献
100.
A great deal of progress has been made on information ethics. Which portion is not sufficient? That might be the comparison from countries to countries. The purpose of this study was closely examined using the cross-cultural method for comparison. To determine the ethics cognitions and behaviors of the students, a comprehensive survey was distributed. The questionnaire for the study used Mason’s four essential factors in information ethics that included Privacy, Accuracy, Property and Accessibility (PAPA). The samples were comprised of Kaohsiung Taiwan and Nanjing China, junior high school students in 2006. The sample and the survey were obtained from two stages of random sampling that was conducted using an Internet website. Students could read the online questionnaire in the computer laboratory and then send immediate feedback to the website server. The result of the experiment showed the divergence of information ethics in cognition and behavior between Kaohsiung and Nanjing school children. The effects of background and correlation are from cognition and behavior between two regions. 相似文献