Formal Mentoring in Military Academies

We examined the relationship between mentoring functions and protégé outcomes in formal mentoring relationships in military academies. A total of 424 (listed as 424 under Method) freshmen and 659 senior cadets from six different military academies participated in the survey. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggest that career mentoring was positively related to mentor satisfaction and participants' provision of career mentoring to their protégés. Surprisingly, career mentoring was negatively related to freshmen's commitment to a military career. We found that psychosocial mentoring was positively related to mentor satisfaction and participants' commitment to a military career, leadership competency, and provision of psychosocial mentoring to their protégés. Furthermore, psychological mentoring was negatively related to stress. We discuss these findings and their implications for mentoring research and practices in the military.     

Emotional facilitation effect in the picture–word interference task: An ERP study

In this paper, we aimed to verify the emotional facilitation effect in the picture–word interference task using event-related potentials. Twenty-one healthy subjects were asked to categorize the emotional valences of pictures accompanied by emotionally congruent, either centrally or laterally positioned Chinese words. For both the foveal and lateral word presentations, the reaction times were faster compared to the picture-only presentation. Compared to the picture-only presentation, P200 amplitude increased under the foveal word presentation condition and decreased under the lateral word presentation condition, indicating that more attentional resources were required when an accompanying word was in the center of a picture than when the word was in the lateral position. Latency of P300 was shorter in response to picture–word stimuli irrespective of word position, indicating that an emotionally congruent word facilitated the emotional processing of the target picture, which verified the emotional facilitation effect and was consistent with the results in psychology. The late positive component was more positive when the picture–word stimuli were more positive, which reflected the feature of positivity offset. The findings suggest that the time window for an emotional facilitation effect may be limited to processing aspects associated with P300 (i.e., affective evaluation).     

贝叶斯推理中的情感启发式

该研究通过事件性质、重要程度和主体相关性对贝叶斯推算、判断的影响,探索了贝叶斯推理中的情绪启发式现象,结果表明:1)在贝叶斯推算中,事件重要程度不同,后验概率值的事件性质的主效应显著性不同,事件性质与主体相关性交互作用的显著性不同,但主体相关性的主效应均为不显著;2)在贝叶斯判断中,事件重要程度不同,事件性质和主体相关性在判断上的效果不同;3)在贝叶斯推理中,情绪启发式致使个体的推断结果具有某种系统化的倾向.     

新疆察布查尔锡伯族宗教信仰历史与现状考察之一——锡伯族的藏传佛教信仰

锡伯族是发源于我国东北的古老民族之一,西迁伊犁后曾为祖国的屯垦戍边做出了卓越的贡献。本文以锡伯营藏传佛教寺院和卡伦寺庙为主要考察对象,用较翔实的资料论述了靖远寺的历史、建置、藏经主要的经济来源、宗教活动以及卡伦寺庙的相关情况,来表明藏传佛教在锡伯族社会中的功能,揭示其对锡伯族的影响。     

就美德伦理的现代意义与万俊人教授商榷——以麦金太尔美德伦理思想为中心

在《美德伦理的现代意义》一文中,万俊人教授认为麦金太尔的美德伦理是在现代性道德文化语境内部对现代性进行反思。这不仅在根本上误读了麦金太尔的思想,而且基于此种误读寻求的美德伦理的现代意义掩盖了美德伦理原本应该具有的重大现实意义。本文试图通过对万俊人教授文中的核心观点进行辨析,阐明麦金太尔的美德伦理是跳出现代性道德概念框架,站在整个西方道德文化传统的立场上对现代性进行反思,并以此为基础揭示美德伦理的现代意义:对现代性道德概念框架本身进行批判反思,并指出一种符合人类道德生活客观实际的道德探究方法,即美德伦理探究方法。     

宗教视角下的南亚恐怖主义特征与反恐的若干思考

本文详细探究和分析了后冷战时代宗教在南亚地区恐怖主义泛滥背景下的特征,指出不同宗教间的冲突成为南亚恐怖主义最主要的特征,并分析了南亚恐怖组织的宗教背景,强调恐怖主义对南亚造成了巨大危害,加深了不同宗教间的仇视。最后,从南亚自身实际出发,提出加强不同宗教间的对话,消除彼此之间的不信任感和仇恨感是南亚地区反恐的重中之重。     

Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse brain against d-galactose-induced impairment of cholinergic system

Previous evidence showed that administration of d-galactose (d-gal) increased ROS production and resulted in impairment of cholinergic system. Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of troxerutin against d-gal-induced impairment of cholinergic system, and explored the potential mechanism of its action. Our results displayed that troxerutin administration significantly improved behavioral performance of d-gal-treated mice in step-through test and morris water maze task. One of the potential mechanisms of this action was decreased AGEs, ROS and protein carbonyl levels in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Furthermore, our results also showed that troxerutin significantly inhibited cholinesterase (AchE) activity, increased the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (nAchRα7) and enhanced interactions between nAchRα7 and either postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice, which could help restore impairment of brain function.     

Managing personal networks: An examination of how high self-monitors achieve better job performance

Structural holes are important network structures that have positive implications for individuals' job performance. Although the emergence of structural holes is closely related to self-monitoring, little is known about how chameleon-like high self-monitors manage to occupy brokerage positions. We posited that leader–member exchange (LMX) quality and network diversity might serve as two important mediating paths through which self-monitoring links to structural holes and sequential job performance. Using structural equation modelling to analyse 10 department networks, we found that high self-monitors were more likely to build high-quality LMX relationships and diversified co-worker networks, which helped to enhance structural holes and job performance. Theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.     

Antecedents and consequences to perceived career goal–progress discrepancies

Informed by a goal setting and self-regulation perspective, we tested a model of perceived career goal–progress discrepancies (i.e., perception of progress made towards achieving career goals relative to where one should be if the goals were to be attained), which proposed that negative feedback from significant others predicts career goal–progress discrepancies, which, in turn, predicts levels of career-related distress. The model also proposes that active feedback seeking strengthens the relationship between feedback from significant others and goal–progress discrepancies, and that career self-regulatory behaviours (career exploration and planning) weaken the relationship between career goal–progress discrepancies and career distress. Using a sample of 420 young adults (mean age = 20.3 years, 73% female), we found that feedback from significant others was related to both career goal–progress discrepancies and career distress, career goal–progress discrepancies were related to career distress, and goal–progress discrepancies partially mediated between feedback from significant others and career distress. Supporting the moderated effects, goal–progress discrepancies were higher at higher levels of negative feedback for those more actively seeking feedback, and career distress was lower at lower levels of discrepancy for those more engaged in exploration and planning.     

句子之间的距离（英文）

"语境"是知识论、语言哲学和逻辑学领域的经典话题。当我们谈论语境的时候,存在两层意思:首先,语境指在进行解释时的物理或沟通环境,这种环境会为时间、空间、名字、记号、符号所决定;第二,语境指进行讨论所基于的基本理论框架。在本文中,我们通过预设一种理想语言,来避免对语境在第一层含义之下所导致的问题进行讨论。然后,我们将从特定的文本语料库构造第二层含义之下的语境。在构造的过程中,我们借鉴数据挖掘领域"聚类分析"的思想,将语境视为基于语句之间互信息的语句聚类。