Customer-Initiated Support and Employees’ Proactive Customer Service Performance: A Multilevel Examination of Proactive Motivation as the Mediator

Drawing on the proactive motivation model and theories of motivation, the current study examined customer-initiated support as an antecedent of employees’ proactive customer service performance (PCSP) and investigated the mediating role of proactive motivations and the moderating role of serving culture. We conducted two multilevel studies to test the proposed hypotheses. In study 1, we collected diary data from 158 nurses across 10 working days, and results showed that the relationship between nurses’ daily experience of customer-initiated support and their PCSP was mediated by self-efficacy, work meaning, and positive affect. In study 2, we collected multilevel multi-source data from 373 nurses nested within 80 units and found that nurses’ experience of customer-initiated support was positively related to their supervisor-rated PCSP via role-breadth self-efficacy and work meaning, but not through positive affect. Further, team-level serving culture strengthened the positive relationship between customer-initiated support and role-breadth self-efficacy. These findings shed light on understanding the effect of customer-initiated support as an external factor on prompting service employees’ proactive behaviors, potential motivational mediators to explain the underlying mechanisms, and potential boundary conditions inside of service organizations to strengthen the positive effects of customer-initiated support.     

中国现代的基督徒是如何读圣经的--以吴雷川与赵紫宸处理《圣经》的原则与方法为例

中国文化的古老历史和宗教的多元化决定了他们面对的是一个“多元宗教经典”构成的世界,不同时代的社会处境也对他们的信仰提出了各种挑战,会创造怎样一种阅读圣经的方法,用来诠释基督教经典并确立自己的身份意识。本文选取吴雷川与赵紫宸为个案的研究对象,以他们读《圣经》的原则与方法为例,考察中国现代基督徒知识分子是如何看待和阐释经文,试图以此为亚洲处境下的圣经诠释学提供研究的一个范本。     

Selective attention modulates implicit learning

The effect of selective attention on implicit learning was tested in four experiments using the "contextual cueing" paradigm (Chun & Jiang, 1998, 1999). Observers performed visual search through items presented in an attended colour (e.g., red) and an ignored colour (e.g., green). When the spatial configuration of items in the attended colour was invariant and was consistently paired with a target location, visual search was facilitated, showing contextual cueing (Experiments 1, 3, and 4). In contrast, repeating and pairing the configuration of the ignored items with the target location resulted in no contextual cueing (Experiments 2 and 4). We conclude that implicit learning is robust only when relevant, predictive information is selectively attended.     

受顺序影响的证真偏向:来自四卡问题新范式的证据

通过对经典四卡问题呈现方式的改进,逐一呈现与命题对应的检验证据,要求被试判断每一证据在命题检验中的作用。结果表明:(1)"证真偏向"依然存在,但从正确率来看,顺证真与顺证伪没有显著差异;(2)发现了显著的顺序效应,与逆向检验相比,顺向检验有更高的正确率与更短的反应时;(3)被试加工与命题"无关联"刺激时存在明显困难,其正确率显著较低。这些结果说明个体在判断不同证据对命题检验的作用时会受到命题内在方向性的影响,个体可能会采用一些固有推理图式以及简单的匹配策略解决问题。     

"北斗八女"考——另附汉译密教佛经中南斗北斗之汉化分析

汉译密教佛经中直接以北斗为题材的经文集中出现在盛唐,其中印度来华僧人金刚智所译<北斗七星念诵仪轨>经中,有"北斗八女"字样,同经文标题"北斗七星"相异,在<大正藏>所选用的几个版本经文中也有所同异.笔者比对相关文献考得此"北斗八女"并非"北斗七星"之讹写,其背后是道教的北辰北斗崇拜对密教的影响.比较僧一行撰写的<北斗七星护摩法>,可从中看出密教经文在北斗崇拜上的进一步汉化:不但形式上更接近道教经文,同时此经中首次出现对"火星入南斗"这一传统天象的攘灾之法,是将中土星占内容融入密教佛经中的一条明证,也是天学家身份的僧一行特殊的综合工作.笔者认为金刚智的译文,保留了唐以前道教对密教在北斗崇拜上的影响,而僧一行的工作,是对密教佛经的二次汉化.对这一过程的分析,有助于辨别北斗经文的成文时间上的前后顺序,也有助于理解史传及笔记故事中北斗所具有的丰富内涵.     

Protecting Job Performance and Well-Being in the Demanding Work Context: The Moderating Effect of Psychological Detachment for Chinese Employees

The aim of this study was twofold: first, to examine the lasting effects of working hours on later job performance and well-being (i.e. emotional exhaustion and work engagement); second, to delineate the protective role of psychological detachment in the highly demanding Chinese work setting featuring long working hours. We employed a panel design in which all variables were measured twice, with six months in between the waves. Data were obtained from 323 Chinese employees working in diverse industries in Taiwan. Analysing the panel data with structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques, we found that working hours were positively associated with emotional exhaustion and negatively associated with work engagement and job performance, measured six months later. Detachment moderated the effects of working hours on later work engagement and job performance. Specifically, detachment attenuated the negative relationships between working hours and work engagement and job performance. The present study extends the recovery research in the West by demonstrating the protective role of detachment in the East Asian societies with important managerial implications.     

由印度因明谱系看其思想演变

由具体的因明谱系即各人物关系为导线，厘清弥勒、无著、世亲到陈那的论式的发展，并由此从指引指号和非对称包涵等现代逻辑的角度来阐释十支、五支再到三支论式的必然性的发展脉络。最后对陈那的“一切言皆妄”与其弟子商羯罗主的“我母是石女”加以比较，并看因明思想传承的另一种情况。     

面对公共危机,伦理学该如何思考和表达

面对公共危机,伦理学应着力于两个根本问题的思考。第一,这个危机是否因人的行动而成,这直接决定着责任归属问题。如果是可证明其因果关系的,行动者必是责任者;若不能证明其因果关系,也要延迟或事后确定和确证责任归属。第二,公共危机管理中的责任归属问题,在责任判断的类型上,可把相关行为分为出于责任、合乎责任和反乎责任的行为三种。由这样两个根本问题所决定,伦理学的表达方式就应该是理性的,对任何一种与道德责任有关的行为进行判断和推理时,必须给出正当性基础的论证,做到客观因果性和意义妥当性的统一。更为重要的是,在公共危机及危机管理中表现出来的道德人格与稳定状态下的道德人格会有很大不同,要保持道德人格的同一性,就必须有稳定的、经得起正当性基础证明的观念体系、制度结构和伦理环境。公共危机具有两面性,它会把人性中的"向善"和"趋恶"的倾向集中表达出来,这就为后危机状态下的"扬善抑恶"创造了条件。