罪犯精神病态的初步探索

以中国罪犯为被试,对Hare精神病态量表进行修订,并在此基础上进一步探讨罪犯精神病态的影响因素。研究结果表明:(1)修订的Hare精神病态量表具有良好的信度和效度;(2)年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况和犯罪次数是影响罪犯精神病态得分的重要因素。20-29岁年龄组罪犯精神病态的得分显著高于30-38岁年龄组;文化程度高的罪犯精神病态的得分显著低于文化程度低的罪犯,大专以上文化程度的罪犯精神病态得分最低;未婚罪犯精神病态的得分显著高于已婚和离异的罪犯;累犯精神病态的得分显著高于初犯。     

华人人际关系的概念化--针对中国香港地区大学生的实证研究

以杨中芳所构建的华人人际关系概念化理论模型为蓝本,并采用以往的实证研究方法为基础,揭示了当代华人对人际关系如何进行概念化及其潜在的认知维度。杨氏模型认为华人人际关系主要由既定成分、情感成分和工具成分组成。该研究以中国香港地区的大学生为被试进行调查,首先采用访谈的形式,分家族、学校及日常生活情境建立人际关系清单。然后采用多维量法(Multi-dimensional scaling)处理被试对关系进行分类的数据。结果发现,在不同的生活情境中,被试均依据情感程度对关系进行分类。在等级差异明显的家族和学校情境中,被试依据辈份和等级差异的突显性进行分类;而在等级差异小的生活情境中,则采用功利程度为标准。本文对被试在不同情境中所采用的不同维度进行了讨论,并提出华人人际关系的义务具有工具性质的实证结果。     

印象管理对组织公民行为的预测作用的实证研究

以188名企业员工及其主管和同事为被试,运用问卷调查法和分层回归分析的统计方法考察了印象管理独立于组织公平感对组织公民行为的预测作用。结果发现：在控制了公平感之后,印象管理能够显著增加大多数主管评价OCB可解释的变异,但与任何同事评价OCB之间不存在显著相关。结论：印象管理对除OCB—S以外的主管评价OCB具有显著的独立预测作用。     

短时间延迟条件下错误记忆的遗忘

两个实验中,使用DRM范式考察了短时间延迟条件下错误记忆的遗忘效应。实验一发现对两种关键项目的错误再认均随着时间延迟（即时、半小时和1个小时）的增加而提高,而在将时间变量由实验一中的被试内设计变为实验二中的被试间设计后,发现对两种关键项目的错误再认随着时间而发生不同的变化,表现为对关键诱饵的错误再认保持稳定而对中关联词的错误再认依然有所提高。说明错误记忆很顽固,一旦产生便很难衰退,当消除了其他干扰因素的潜在影响后,即使是在很短暂的测验时间延迟条件下,它至少是保持稳定的,不会随着时间而发生减弱。此外还发现了关联性和测验情境与测验时间延迟之间的交互影响,表现为对关键诱饵的错误再认受测验时间延迟的影响较小,受测验情境的影响较大;而对中关联词的错误再认则受测验时间延迟的影响较大,受测验情境的影响较小     

权力距离感对公平感与组织公民行为关系的调节作用研究

本文以188名企业员工及其同事为被试,运用问卷调查法和分层回归分析的统计方法考察了权力距离对公平感与组织公民行为之间关系的调节作用。结果发现:权力距离可以正向调节程序公平与同事评价OCB-I、OCB-G和OCB-O之间的关系,即权力距离感越强,则程序公平感与同事评价OCB-I、OCB-G和OCB-O之间的相关越强。     

Conscious Postural Control During Standing on Compliant Surface by Older Adults

This study examined the real-time objective measurement of conscious postural control (“reinvestment”) in older adults when standing on a compliant surface using electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence. Twenty-nine older adults participated in the study and their Alpha2 T3-Fz and Alpha2 T4-Fz EEG coherence during standing at three different positions on foam including wide-base standing on foam (WBF), narrow-base standing on foam (NBF) and tandem standing on foam (TAF) were measured. Participants were also required to respond to a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to determine their perceived task difficulty after each standing position. Three 2?×?3 (Groups[low reinvestor, high reinvestor]?×?Standing positions[WBF, NBF, TAF]) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were conducted to determine differences between high and low reinvestors in three standing positions (WBF, NBF, TAF) at the primary outcome measures. The main effects of standing positions at VAS and Alpah2 T3-Fz EEG coherence were discovered but without interaction. The results suggested that when standing task difficulty increased, older adults generally elevated their real-time conscious postural control together with perceived task difficulty. It implicates that Alpha2 T3-Fz EEG coherence can be considered as a real-time objective conscious postural control measurement during balance assessment and rehabilitation if further large-scale studies could find its discriminative power between high and low reinvestors.     

预警和呈现时间对错误再认和错误回忆的影响

采用DRM范式,通过两个实验探讨了学习阶段的预警和词表呈现时间对错误再认与错误回忆的影响异同以及其发生作用的可能条件.采用视觉-视觉通道的学习-测验模式,实验1使用再认测验,结果发现呈现时间对错误再认不存在影响,而预警提示有效地降低了错误再认;实验2使用回忆测验,依然没有发现呈现时间对错误回忆的影响效应,预警的效应也消失.以上结果表明:(1)预警对错误回忆的影响受到编码时呈现通道的影响,视觉编码条件下预警效果甚微,而错误再认则无此通道效应;(2)呈现时间的较大变化可同时促进激活与监测过程,错误记忆效应的大小是激活与监测双加工过程此消彼长的交互作用结果.     

A Human Right to Internet Access: A Gewirthian Approach

The paper aims at exploring if we have sound philosophical reason to embrace a human right to Internet access. While attempts to make Internet access a candidate for the standing of human right have become popular in both the political and legal arenas, we still lack serious philosophical reflection on this issue. The paper first evaluates the arguments made by various authors, and then moves to provide its own conclusions. Its logic is that if (i) Internet access is crucial for enabling democracy, and (ii) democracy is a basic human right, then we may have at least prima facie reason to see such a technology as a derived human right whose normativity supervenes on the right to democracy.     

内观疗法对情绪体验影响的ERP研究

采用事件相关电位技术(ERPs)考察内观疗法对情绪体验影响的变化特点,以探明内观疗法是否引起情绪体验的变化。结果表明,内观组在400-1100ms平均波幅显著大于对照组,在内观组和对照组间,出现了显著的组间差异。由此得出结论,说明了内观疗法对情绪体验产生了影响,主要体现在情绪体验的深度与弥散性上。     

Perceptions of accuracy and effort of decision strategies

A critical tenet of cost-benefit theories of decision strategy choice is that decision makers’ perceptions of accuracy and effort determine strategy selection. However, little research has been conducted on human perceptions of decision strategy accuracy and effort. Instead, researchers have substituted deductively derived inferences on strategy accuracy and effort for perceptions in interpreting decision processes. In this study, we used a survey to study perceptions of decision strategies. The results indicate that participants as a group understood the accuracy and effort dimensions of decision strategies. The participants’ perceptions of the accuracy and effort of various decision strategies largely agreed with researchers’ deductions. However, there was substantial variation across individuals in perceptions of various decision strategies and in the composition of efficient frontiers of decision strategies.