Bicultural Effects on the Creative Potential of Chinese and French Children

This study examined possible bicultural effects on creative potential of children in four groups of Chinese and French children in Hong Kong and Paris. An international battery of widely used divergent measures (Wallach-Kogan Creativity Tests; WKCT) and newly constructed divergent-plus-integrative measures (Evaluation of Potential Creativity; EPoC) was established for assessment. Study 1 showed that most measures of WKCT and EPoC were reasonably high in reliability and they had expected correlations with the fluency scores of some subtests of Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Study 2 found some interestingly mixed bicultural effects favoring verbal divergent responses for French children and graphic integrative responses for Chinese children. Compared with Paris-French children, the bicultural Hong Kong-French children had significantly higher scores in figural fluency, figural flexibility, and figural uniqueness of WKCT (requiring only verbal divergent responses) but significantly lower scores in the graphic divergent-exploratory measure of EPoC. Compared with Hong Kong-Chinese children, the bicultural Paris-Chinese children had significantly higher scores in the graphic convergent-integrative measure of EPoC, but significantly lower scores in verbal fluency, verbal flexibility, figural fluency, figural flexibility, figural uniqueness, and figural unusualness of WKCT. Implications of the mixed bicultural effects in relation to the diverse creativity measures and children groups are discussed.     

Cluster-ion bombardment studies to reveal the amorphization mode in strained Si0.8Ge0.2

Radiation damage caused by cluster ions of different sizes is predicted to be distinctly different if materials follow disparate phenomenological models of amorphization, namely overlap and direct amorphization methods. Determination of an amorphization model for a crystalline solid can be accomplished based on its radiation response to cluster sizes of bombarding ions. In the present study, we use this approach and apply it to study radiation damage in Si_0.8Ge_0.2 caused by Ag _n clusters with the number of atoms in a cluster, n, taking values from 1 to 4. The displacements measured by using channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show size-enhanced damage accumulation, which is in good agreement with the atomistic detail obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. Our studies suggest that strained SiGe, a material known to have poor radiation tolerance, follows the overlap model rather than the direct amorphization model.     

情境模型中时间和空间维度更新的相互影响

运用移动窗口技术考察情境模型中时间和空间维度同时或序列转变时二者间的相互关系。结果发现：(1)时间和空间同时转变时, 二者存在易化关系, 但时间对空间的易化作用更大; (2)当二者序列转变时, 以中文为材料的结果只发现时间对空间的易化关系, 而以英语为材料的结果则发现存在双向易化关系, 但时间对空间的易化作用更大。据此, 情境模型中的时间和空间维度更新的捆绑－预期假设得到证明。     

Grip strength and physical demand of previous occupation in a well-functioning cohort of Chinese older adults

The grip strength of 214 independently ambulatory Chinese older adults (M age = 75.1 +/- 7.0 yr.) was measured, and preliminary mean values presented. Their previous occupations were recorded, and the physical demands of those occupations in terms of oxygen consumption and work done were classified. Grip strength generally decreased across age groups. The physical demand of individuals' previous occupations had significant associations with grip strength, for example, participants who previously worked as construction site workers had a greater grip strength than those who worked previously as office workers.     

Culture and judgment of causal relevance

The authors hypothesized that because the causal theories of East Asians were more holistic and complex than those of Americans, the amount of information considered before making a final attribution would be larger for East Asians than for Americans. This hypothesis was supported through 4 studies. When participants attempted to explain a deviant behavior (Study 1) or a prosocial behavior (Study 2), Korean participants took into consideration a greater amount of information than did either American or Asian American participants. Study 3 replicated the findings of Studies 1 and 2 within each culture. Finally, Study 4 established a link between the present findings and past research on culture and attribution. Namely, Study 4 found that Koreans made more external attributions than Americans because Koreans considered more information than did Americans.     

Examining college students' food security coping strategies and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic

College students' food situations may have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have affected their health and well-being. However, little is known about how the pandemic impacted students' food experiences and how students coped with food-related disruptions, particularly from the student's own perspective. This study reviews data from 571 undergraduates who attended public colleges during Fall 2021 and Spring 2022 and wrote a narrative about the pandemic's impact on their food experiences. Most students indicated they experienced a wide range of food difficulties and adapted new food practices. Despite these challenges, students emphasized proactive coping strategies and positive pandemic outcomes rather than difficulties and negative outcomes. These findings have implications for students' long-term health and well-being.     

自我与他人视角的动态信息加工：一项行为振荡研究

为了实现流畅的社会互动,个体需要同时加工自我与他人视角下的信息,并能有效地区分二者。然而个体对自我与他人视角下的信息存在共享神经表征,那么大脑是如何在同时完成自我与他人视角信息加工的前提下又不至于混淆二者的呢？本文通过创新性的、具有高时间分辨率的内隐视觉观点采择任务,发现对于自我视角和他人视角下的信息加工存在频率约为1 Hz的行为振荡现象,并且二者存在180°左右的相位差。这一结果说明在有他人在场的社会情景中,自我视角与他人视角下的信息加工是一种具有周期性的交替优势的过程。     

心算对内外倾者的心率、T波幅度和呼吸频率的影响

该文旨在探讨内、外倾者在三种不同难度心算时,心率、Ｔ波幅度、呼吸频率变化的差异。通过艾森克个性问卷筛选出１５名内倾者和１５名外倾者作为被试,让其完成三种不同难度的心算任务。实验结果表明,心算时两组被试心率均显著上升,内倾组上升幅度大于外倾组;Ｔ波幅度显著降低,内倾组降低幅度大于外倾组但差异不显著;呼吸频率显著上升,但两组上升幅度差异不显著。此外,从心率变化上看,两组被试对心算均表现出适应,内倾组的适应速度比外倾组慢。本实验表明,焦虑性精神紧张比智力操作性精神紧张对心率的影响更大。     

认知研究的新技术——一套图形标准化资料和计算机实验软件

本工作是建立一套适合我国特点并有利于开展跨文化研究的图形加工实验的技术资料。工作包括两部分:1.建立一套图形标准化常模。2.建立相应的图库及图一词实验计算机软件,其中包括识别、启动、同时匹配和Stroop四个实验程序。为保证实验的精度,程序编制中解决了图形的即时呈现、即时消失、刺激的随机呈现、反应时精度1毫秒等问题。