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181.
ProtoMatch is a software tool for integrating and analyzing fixed-location and movement eye gaze and cursor data. It provides
a comprehensive collection of protocol analysis tools that support sequential data analyses for eye fixations and scanpaths
as well as for cursor “fixations” (dwells at one location) and “cursorpaths” (movements between locations). ProtoMatch is
modularized software that integrates both eye gaze and cursor protocols into a unified stream of data and provides an assortment
of filters and analyses. ProtoMatch subsumes basic analyses (i.e., fixation duration, number of fixations, etc.) and introduces
a method of objectively computing the similarity between scanpaths or cursorpaths using sequence alignment. The combination
of filters, basic analyses, and sequence alignment in ProtoMatch provides researchers with a versatile system for performing
both confirmatory and exploratory sequential data analyses (Sanderson & Fisher, 1994). 相似文献
182.
Declining communication skills in dementia threaten a person's sense of self. Building on enduring capabilities, pastoral visitors can significantly enhance spiritual well-being through the use of individualized, person-centered strategies. This article outlines the primary spiritual needs of older adults with dementia and some general strategies to improve communication based on enduring abilities. Detailed examples illustrate how these personhood-centered strategies can meet spiritual needs by connecting with individuals with dementia through life stories and through helping them to participate in religious life. 相似文献
183.
Fraser RN 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2005,59(1-2):63-78
Adoption counseling often focuses primarily on the enigmatic issues faced by adoptees. Very little attention, however, is pointed in the direction of the adoptive parents and their unique struggles. This article begins by providing some current information on adoption in the United States and ensuing implications for pastoral caregiving. Some of the unique challenges associated with the adoption experience are delineated, primarily focusing on systemic and personal issues faced by many adoptive families. Several practical interventions are suggested for pastoral caregivers working with adoptive families. Finally, the entire adoption experience is framed within a theological perspective offering hope to adoptive parents and adoptees. 相似文献
184.
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186.
Visual skills in airport-security screening 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abstract— An experiment examined visual performance in a simulated luggage-screening task. Observers participated in five sessions of a task requiring them to search for knives hidden in x-ray images of cluttered bags. Sensitivity and response times improved reliably as a result of practice. Eye movement data revealed that sensitivity increases were produced entirely by changes in observers' ability to recognize target objects, and not by changes in the effectiveness of visual scanning. Moreover, recognition skills were in part stimulus-specific, such that performance was degraded by the introduction of unfamiliar target objects. Implications for screener training are discussed. 相似文献
187.
Handedness and the fringe of consciousness: strong handers ruminate while mixed handers self-reflect
Niebauer CL 《Consciousness and cognition》2004,13(4):93-745
Previous research found that mixed handers (i.e., those that are more ambidextrous) were more likely than strong handers to update their beliefs (Niebauer, Aselage, & Schutte, 2002). It was assumed that this was due to greater degrees of communication between the two cerebral hemispheres in mixed handers. Niebauer and Garvey (2004) made connections between this model of updating beliefs and metacognitive processing. The current work proposes that variations in interhemispheric interaction (as measured by degree of handedness) contribute to differences in consciousness, specifically when consciousness is used in rumination versus the metacognitive task of self-reflection. Using the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (Trapnell & Campbell, 1999), predictions were supported such that strong handedness was associated with self-rumination; whereas, mixed handedness was associated with increased self-reflection p values<.01, (N=255). James's (1890) concept of the "fringe of consciousness" is used to make connections between metacognition, updating beliefs, and self-reflection. Several studies are reviewed suggesting that mixed handers experience fringe consciousness to a greater degree than strong handers. 相似文献
188.
Previous evidence has suggested that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are critically involved in the acquisition of aversively based learning tasks. However, the role of NMDARs in the BLA in the consolidation of memory of aversive training has not been well elucidated. In the present study, the NMDAR antagonist AP-5 (1 or 3 microg) was infused into the BLA of male Sprague-Dawley rats immediately before, immediately after, or 6h after training on an inhibitory avoidance task with either a high footshock (HFS; only high dose of AP-5 given) or a low footshock (LFS; both doses of AP-5 given). The 48 h retention of animals given AP-5 (3 microg) immediately before or after HFS training was significantly impaired compared to that of vehicle-controls. In contrast, the retention of rats given AP-5 (3 microg) immediately after LFS training was significantly enhanced compared to that of vehicle-controls. AP-5 (3 microg) infusions administered 6h after training with either an HFS or LFS did not affect retention. These findings suggest that the NMDARs in the BLA are involved in both the acquisition and consolidation of aversive memory. In addition, the AP-5-induced enhancement of memory obtained with LFS training suggests that NMDARs in the BLA are involved in other mechanisms influencing synaptic transmission, in addition to their well-established role in neuroplasticity. 相似文献
189.
The mainstay of treatment for chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a combination of psychotherapy and medication treatments. The first-line medications for PTSD are antidepressants, with two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (sertraline and paroxetine) currently Food and Drug Administration-indicated for PTSD. However, many patients do not have an adequate response to antidepressants, therefore, combinations with other antidepressants or with other classes of psychotropic medication are often utilized to enhance the therapeutic response. Other agents that have been used include mood stabilizers, anti-adrenergics, anxiolytics, and atypical antipsychotics. The heterogeneity of symptom clusters in PTSD as well as the complex psychiatric comorbidities (eg, with depression or substance abuse) further support the notion that combinations of medications may be needed. To date, there is a paucity of data to support specific strategies for augmenting antidepressants in PTSD. This review will address representative existing studies and discuss several potential pharmacologic strategies for patients suffering from treatment-refractory PTSD. 相似文献
190.
Fischer H Fransson P Wright CI Bäckman L 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2004,4(3):326-334
Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent signal was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 24 healthy young subjects
(12 men and 12 women) during viewing of angry, fearful, and neutral male and female face pictures. Exposure to angry male
as opposed to angry female faces activated the visual cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus significantly more in men than
in women. A similar sex-differential brain activation pattern was present during exposure to fearful but not neutral faces.
Previous behavioral studies indicate enhanced physiological arousal in men but not in women during exposure to angry male
as opposed to female faces, and brain imaging studies have shown that the occipital cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus
are influenced by activity in the autonomic nervous system as well as by visual attention. Hence, we suggest that the elevated
occipital and anterior cingulate activation in men during confrontation with other angry and fearful males may reflect enhanced
vigilance in a potentially dangerous situation. 相似文献