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971.
Lisa Guenther 《Human Studies》2011,34(3):257-276
Psychiatrist Stuart Grassian has proposed the term “SHU syndrome” to name the cluster of cognitive, perceptual and affective
symptoms that commonly arise for inmates held in the Special Housing Units (SHU) of supermax prisons. In this paper, I analyze
the harm of solitary confinement from a phenomenological perspective by drawing on Husserl’s account of the essential relation
between consciousness, the experience of an alter ego and the sense of a real, Objective world. While Husserl’s prioritization
of transcendental subjectivity over transcendental intersubjectivity underestimates the degree to which first-person consciousness
is constitutively intertwined with the embodied consciousness of others, Husserl’s phenomenology nevertheless provides a fruitful
starting-point for a philosophical engagement with the psychiatric research on solitary confinement. 相似文献
972.
Gerd Sebald 《Human Studies》2011,34(4):341-352
Schutz’s references to literature and arts in his theoretical works are manifold. But literature and theory are both a certain kind of a finite province of meaning, that means they are not easily accessible from the paramount reality of everyday life. Now there is another kind of referring to literature: metaphorizing it. Using it, as may be said with Lakoff and Johnson, to understand and to experience one kind of thing in terms of another. Literally metapherein means “to carry over”. Metaphorizing in this view is then a specific kind of border-crossing between different provinces of meaning. That poses two questions: 1. What means finiteness of those provinces of meaning, what kind of border crossings are possible? What is the ground for metaphorizing meaning? 2. Could this concept used for founding a theory of the constitution of the societal and of society, that overcomes the dichotomy of structure/agency? These questions will be answered with one example in view: Schutz’ report to Kaufmann of his first visit of Husserl describing his experience as feeling like Wilhelm Meister at the Society of the Tower. In a first step this metaphor is presented together with some crumbs of metaphor theory. In a second step these crumbs will be connected to Husserl’s concept of experience. After developing a short overview over Schutz’ “finite provinces of meaning,” the relation of experience, metaphors to the intersubjectivity of these provinces in their dependence from writing and printing is discussed. 相似文献
973.
Jill Hargis 《Human Studies》2011,34(4):373-392
This paper argues that the dichotomy between individuals, as bearers of unique and freely chosen identities, and the masses,
as the large numbers of others who are conforming and uncritical, should be understood as a constructed dichotomy. This dichotomy
is both supported and dismantled in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, and Michel Foucault. Each of these
thinkers reinforced the idea that there exist conforming and threatening masses from which individuals should separate themselves.
And yet by theorizing the limitations and contextual nature of individual identity, they have also provided the foundations
for revealing the dichotomy as illusory as well as problematic for reasoned thought and politics. The significance of this
argument is that the fear of sameness and conformity within modern mass society creates a serious obstacle to broad based
and democratic political engagement among people. 相似文献
974.
Gesa Lindemann 《Human Studies》2011,34(1):93-110
Latour is widely considered a critic and renewer of research in the social sciences. The ecologically minded Left has also
acclaimed him as a theorist interested in bringing nature back both into sociological theory and into society and politics.
To enable a more detailed discussion of Latour’s claims, I will here outline his theory and the ways in which it is related
to classical theory, such as Durkheim, and the methodology of the interpretive paradigm, such as Schütz. My thesis is that
Latour’s empirical studies may be read as unfolding the methodological consequences of the interpretive paradigm, and that
his early work is a brilliant proof of Durkheim’s theory of the morphology of social facts. Latour has now elaborated the
insights he gained from concrete laboratory studies toward a general theory of the social, of society, and of politics. These
generalizations have made his theory at least partly problematic. The political implication of Latour’s theory of society
is a generalization of the call for equality to encompass everything; in other words, Latour criticizes the exclusion of nonhuman
entities from political representation. The paper closes by discussing the political consequences of this proposal. 相似文献
975.
The Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reiner Keller 《Human Studies》2011,34(1):43-65
The article presents the sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD). SKAD, which has been in the process of development
since the middle of the 1990s, is now a widely used framework among social scientists in discourse research in the German-speaking
area. It links arguments from the social constructionist tradition, following Berger and Luckmann, with assumptions based
in symbolic interactionism, hermeneutic sociology of knowledge, and the concepts of Michel Foucault. It argues thereby for
a consistent theoretical and methodological grounding of a genuine social sciences perspective on discourse interested in
the social production, circulation and transformation of knowledge, that is in social relations and politics of knowledge
in the so-called ‘knowledge societies’. Distancing itself from Critical Discourse Analysis, Linguistics, Ethnomethodology
inspired discourse analysis and the Analysis of Hegemonies, following Laclau and Mouffe, SKAD’s framework has been built up
around research questions and concerns located in the social sciences, referring to public discourse and arenas as well as
to more specific fields of (scientific, religious, etc.) discursive struggles and controversies around “problematizations”
(Foucault). 相似文献
976.
977.
978.
Simone Duca 《Topoi》2011,30(1):53-57
I analyse the relationship between the Ramsey Test (RT) for the acceptance of indicative conditionals and the so-called problem
of decision-instability. In particular, I argue that the situations which allegedly bring about this problem are troublesome
just in case the relevant conditionals are evaluated by non-suppositional versions, e.g. causal/evidential, of the test. In
contrast, a suppositional RT, by highlighting the metacognitive nature of the evaluation of indicative conditionals, allows
an agent to run a simulation of such evaluation, without yet committing her to the acceptance of such conditionals. I conclude
that a suppositional interpretation of RT is superior to its non-suppositional counterparts and by briefly showing that a
suppositional RT is compatible with a deliberational decision theory. 相似文献
979.
Dan Zahavi 《Husserl Studies》2011,27(1):13-25
The text surveys the development of the debate between Zahavi and Brough/Sokolowski regarding Husserl’s account of inner time-consciousness.
The main arguments on both sides are reconsidered, and a compromise is proposed. 相似文献
980.
Adams’ thesis is generally agreed to be linguistically compelling for simple conditionals with factual antecedent and consequent.
We propose a derivation of Adams’ thesis from the Lewis-Kratzer analysis of if-clauses as domain restrictors, applied to probability
operators. We argue that Lewis’s triviality result may be seen as a result of inexpressibility of the kind familiar in generalized
quantifier theory. Some implications of the Lewis-Kratzer analysis are presented concerning the assignment of probabilities
to compounds of conditionals. 相似文献