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961.
Catalano GD 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(2):409-415
A senior level capstone design experience has been developed and offered with a particular emphasis on many of the professional
issues raised in Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) Engineering Criterion IV. The course has sought
to develop student awareness of the ethical foundation of the engineering profession, the global and societal framework within
which engineers practice, and the environmental impact on engineering. The capstone design course also focused upon improving
the technical communications skills of the graduating senior class with both extensive instruction in writing and multiple
workshops dealing with the art of making an effective oral presentation. The effectiveness of the design course was assessed
using Kirkpatrick’s model for evaluating training programs.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the “Ethics and Social Responsibility in Engineering and Technology” meeting,
New Orleans, 2003. 相似文献
962.
Fischer H Fransson P Wright CI Bäckman L 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2004,4(3):326-334
Blood-oxygenation-level-dependent signal was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 24 healthy young subjects
(12 men and 12 women) during viewing of angry, fearful, and neutral male and female face pictures. Exposure to angry male
as opposed to angry female faces activated the visual cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus significantly more in men than
in women. A similar sex-differential brain activation pattern was present during exposure to fearful but not neutral faces.
Previous behavioral studies indicate enhanced physiological arousal in men but not in women during exposure to angry male
as opposed to female faces, and brain imaging studies have shown that the occipital cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus
are influenced by activity in the autonomic nervous system as well as by visual attention. Hence, we suggest that the elevated
occipital and anterior cingulate activation in men during confrontation with other angry and fearful males may reflect enhanced
vigilance in a potentially dangerous situation. 相似文献
963.
Yago E Duarte A Wong T Barceló F Knight RT 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2004,4(4):609-617
Single-unit, event-related potential (ERP), and neuroimaging studies have implicated the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in top-down
control of attention and working memory. We conducted an experiment in patients with unilateral PFC damage (n=8) to assess the temporal kinetics of PFC-extrastriate interactions during visual attention. Subjects alternated attention
between the left and the right hemifields in successive runs while they detected target stimuli embedded in streams of repetitive
task-irrelevant stimuli (standards). The design enabled us to examine tonic (spatial selection) and phasic (feature selection)
PFC-extrastriate interactions. PFC damage impaired performance in the visual field contralateral to lesions, as manifested
by both larger reaction times and error rates. Assessment of the extrastriate P1 ERP revealed that the PFC exerts a tonic
(spatial selection) excitatory input to the ipsilateral extrastriate cortex as early as 100 msec post stimulus delivery. The
PFC exerts a second phasic (feature selection) excitatory extrastriate modulation from 180 to 300 msec, as evidenced by reductions
in selection negativity after damage. Finally, reductions of the N2 ERP to target stimuli supports the notion that the PFC
exerts a third phasic (target selection) signal necessary for successful template matching during postselection analysis of
target features. The results provide electrophysiological evidence of three distinct tonic and phasic PFC inputs to the extrastriate
cortex in the initial few hundred milliseconds of stimulus processing. Damage to this network appears to underlie the pervasive
deficits in attention observed in patients with prefrontal lesions. 相似文献
964.
Wilczek A Barber JP Gustavsson JP Asberg M Weinryb RM 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2004,52(4):1163-1184
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy in clinical practice is traditionally a long-term treatment conducted by well-trained psychotherapists. However, very few studies have been published that evaluate the effects of such treatment. To redress this lack of studies, 55 individuals selected for long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (average, 3 years) were invited to participate in a naturalistic study. The psychotherapists had a mean of 15 years of professional experience. The 36 patients who completed psychotherapy manifested a substantial reduction in symptomatic suffering and decreased levels of character pathology, as measured by the Karolinska Psychodynamic Profile (KAPP) and the Karolinska Scales of Personality. Generally, such changes were not found in the individuals who did not engage in treatment. In the therapy group, improvements were found on eight KAPP subscales defining different aspects of character: Intimacy and Reciprocity, Frustration Tolerance, Regression in the Service of the Ego, Coping with Aggressive Affects, Conceptions of Bodily Appearance and their Significance for Self-esteem, Sexual Function, Sexual Satisfaction, and Personality Organization. The results indicate that individuals who engaged in psychotherapy improved their capacity to handle crucial aspects of life and reduced their symptomatic suffering. 相似文献
965.
966.
As the Internet has changed communication, commerce, and the distribution of information, so too it is changing psychological research. Psychologists can observe new or rare phenomena online and can do research on traditional psychological topics more efficiently, enabling them to expand the scale and scope of their research. Yet these opportunities entail risk both to research quality and to human subjects. Internet research is inherently no more risky than traditional observational, survey, or experimental methods. Yet the risks and safeguards against them will differ from those characterizing traditional research and will themselves change over time. This article describes some benefits and challenges of conducting psychological research via the Internet and offers recommendations to both researchers and institutional review boards for dealing with them. ((c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
967.
968.
969.
Where is Kuhn going? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Green C 《The American psychologist》2004,59(4):271-2; author reply 273-4
970.
Greater feedback specificity is generally considered to be beneficial for performance and learning, but the evidence for this generalization is limited. The authors argue that increasing the specificity of feedback is beneficial for initial performance but discourages exploration and undermines the learning needed for later, more independent performance. The results of their transfer experiment demonstrate that increasing the specificity of feedback positively affected practice performance, but its benefits did not endure over time or modification of the task. In addition, feedback specificity negatively affected levels of exploration during practice and interacted with exploration strategies to affect learning. The results suggest that those who received feedback of varying specificity may have learned through different but equally beneficial mechanisms. 相似文献