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311.
Dipl.-Psych. Lutz Wartberg Peter-Michael Sack Edelhard Thoms Christoph Möller Martin Stolle Rainer Thomasius 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(3):193-198
This study examines post-treatment outcomes (6 and 12 months post-release) of a multimodal child and adolescent psychiatric and psychotherapeutic inpatient treatment program for boys and girls diagnosed with substance use disorders (n=71) in 2 centres. Up to now there has been a lack of outcome research in this field in Germany. Outcome measures included drug use patterns and psychopathology. The greatest reductions in prevalence at 1 year follow-up occurred for cannabis, methamphetamine, cocaine and heroin use. Additionally the patients and their parents also reported significant improvements in adolescent’s psychopathology at the 1 year follow-up. The results underline the importance of disorder-specific, multimodal inpatient programs for the treatment of children and adolescents with substance use disorders. 相似文献
312.
Lorena R.R. Gianotti Daria Knoch Pascal L. Faber Dietrich Lehmann Roberto D. Pascual-Marqui Christa Diezi Cornelia Schoch Christoph Eisenegger Ernst Fehr 《Psychological science》2009,20(1):33-38
ABSTRACT— Human risk taking is characterized by a large amount of individual heterogeneity. In this study, we applied resting-state electroencephalography, which captures stable individual differences in neural activity, before subjects performed a risk-taking task. Using a source-localization technique, we found that the baseline cortical activity in the right prefrontal cortex predicts individual risk-taking behavior. Individuals with higher baseline cortical activity in this brain area display more risk aversion than do other individuals. This finding demonstrates that neural characteristics that are stable over time can predict a highly complex behavior such as risk-taking behavior and furthermore suggests that hypoactivity in the right prefrontal cortex might serve as a dispositional indicator of lower regulatory abilities, which is expressed in greater risk-taking behavior. 相似文献
313.
Christoph T. Weidemann Matthew V. Mollison Michael J. Kahana 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(2):313-319
We studied the electrophysiological basis of object recognition by recording scalp electroencephalograms while participants
played a virtual-reality taxi driver game. Participants searched for passengers and stores during virtual navigation in simulated
towns. We compared oscillatory brain activity in response to store views that were targets or nontargets (during store search)
or neutral (during passenger search). Even though store category was solely defined by task context (rather than by sensory
cues), frontal electrophysiological activity in the low frequency bands (primarily in the θ [4–8 Hz] band) reliably distinguished
between the target, nontarget, and neutral store views. These results implicate low-frequency oscillatory brain activity in
frontal regions as an important variable in the study of the cognitive processes involved in object recognition, categorization,
and other forms of high-level perception. 相似文献
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316.
Fostering Analytic Metacognitive Processes and Reducing Overconfidence by Disfluency: The Role of Contrast Effects
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Elisabeth Pieger Christoph Mengelkamp Maria Bannert 《Applied cognitive psychology》2017,31(3):291-301
Overconfidence leads to premature termination of study and, thus, to decreased performance. The aim of the present study is to improve students' monitoring and control. We assume that disfluency fosters analytic metacognitive processes and thus reduces overconfidence. However, we expect that contrast effects moderate the fluency effects on metacognitive processes because disfluency activates analytic metacognitive processes not only for disfluent but also for succeeding fluent learning material. To test our hypotheses, university students (N = 75) learned either with a fluent text first and afterward a disfluent text or with a disfluent text first and afterward a fluent text. The results show fluency effects on control, monitoring, and monitoring accuracy only when students learned with a fluent and afterward a disfluent text. Performance was worse for disfluent than for fluent texts in both conditions. Therefore, instructional settings that help students to implement accurate monitoring into better control and better performance are required. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Niels Skovgaard-Olsen David Kellen Hannes Krahl Karl Christoph Klauer 《Thinking & reasoning》2017,23(4):449-482
In this study, we investigate the influence of reason-relation readings of indicative conditionals and “and”/“but”/“therefore” sentences on various cognitive assessments. According to the Frege–Grice tradition, a dissociation is expected. Specifically, differences in the reason-relation reading of these sentences should affect participants’ evaluations of their acceptability but not of their truth value. In two experiments we tested this assumption by introducing a relevance manipulation into the truth-table task as well as in other tasks assessing the participants’ acceptability and probability evaluations. Across the two experiments, a strong dissociation was found. The reason-relation reading of all four sentences strongly affected their probability and acceptability evaluations, but hardly affected their respective truth evaluations. Implications of this result for recent work on indicative conditionals are discussed. 相似文献
319.
Today, capturing the behavior of a human eye is considered a standard method for measuring the information-gathering process and thereby gaining insights into cognitive processes. Due to the dynamic character of most task environments there is still a lack of a structured and automated approach for analyzing eye movement in combination with moving objects. In this article, we present a guideline for advanced gaze analysis, called IGDAI (Integration Guideline for Dynamic Areas of Interest). The application of IGDAI allows gathering dynamic areas of interest and simplifies its combination with eye movement. The first step of IGDAI defines the basic requirements for the experimental setup including the embedding of an eye tracker. The second step covers the issue of storing the information of task environments for the dynamic AOI analysis. Implementation examples in XML are presented fulfilling the requirements for most dynamic task environments. The last step includes algorithms to combine the captured eye movement and the dynamic areas of interest. A verification study was conducted, presenting an air traffic controller environment to participants. The participants had to distinguish between different types of dynamic objects. The results show that in comparison to static areas of interest, IGDAI allows a faster and more detailed view on the distribution of eye movement. 相似文献
320.
Christoph Anders 《International review of missions》2017,106(1):121-135
World Mission Conferences (WMC) have always included missionary calls and an analysis of the present‐day situation, 1 and frequently have provided important input for the debate on the mission of the churches throughout the world and in Germany. The upcoming WMC in Arusha, Tanzania, therefore raises high expectations. The following considerations attempt to sketch the subject in the context of the situation in the German church and society and to point to possible links with what is known about the programme of the WMC. 相似文献