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341.
Klauer KC Voss A Schmitz F Teige-Mocigemba S 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2007,93(3):353-368
The authors present a diffusion-model analysis of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). In Study 1, the IAT effect was decomposed into 3 dissociable components: Relative to the compatible phase, (a) ease and speed of information accumulation are lowered in the incompatible phase, (b) more cautious speed-accuracy settings are adopted, and (c) nondecision components of processing require more time. Studies 2 and 3 assessed the nature of interindividual differences in these components. Construct-specific variance in the IAT relating to the construct to be measured (such as implicit attitudes) was concentrated in the compatibility effect on information accumulation (Studies 2 and 3), whereas systematic method variance in the IAT was mapped on differential speed-accuracy settings (Study 3). Implications of these dissociations for process theories of the IAT and for applications are discussed. 相似文献
342.
Effectance and control as determinants of video game enjoyment. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article explores video game enjoyment originated by games' key characteristic, interactivity. An online experiment (N=500) tested experiences of effectance (perceived influence on the game world) and of being in control as mechanisms that link interactivity to enjoyment. A video game was manipulated to either allow normal play, reduce perceived effectance, or reduce perceived control. Enjoyment ratings suggest that effectance is an important factor in video game enjoyment but that the relationship between control of the game situation and enjoyment is more complex. 相似文献
343.
344.
Forstmann BU Ridderinkhof KR Kaiser J Bledowski C 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2007,7(4):286-296
A tool that is commonly used to investigate selection among different alternatives in a changing environment is the task-switching
paradigm. Functional neuroimaging has pointed out a role for the posterior medial frontal cortex and the posterior parietal
cortex in the voluntary selection of task sets. In the present study, we set out to investigate the temporal dynamics of these
agency-related processes (in task choice vs. no-choice conditions) using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The results
revealed agency-related modulations of a series of ERP components, including (1) an early parieto-occipital activation, taken
to reflect the evaluation of choice versus no choice; (2) a subsequent medial frontal expression of the voluntary selection
between task sets; (3) a CNV-like sustained negativity in preparation for the target; (4) a target-induced N210—P210 complex,
taken to reflect early sensory-perceptual processing; and (5) a target-induced P3, associated with the evaluation of the stimulus
and its designated response vis-à-vis the chosen versus competing task sets. Together, these results indicate that the opportunity
to choose between tasks invokes activity originating from the medial frontal cortex, associated with voluntary task set selection,
but also activation at different time points in a number of other brain areas, not necessarily captured by functional neuroimaging. 相似文献
345.
Latent-class hierarchical multinomial models are an important extension of the widely used family of multinomial processing
tree models, in that they allow for testing the parameter homogeneity assumption and provide a framework for modeling parameter
heterogeneity. In this article, the computer program HMMTree is introduced as a means of implementing latent-class hierarchical
multinomial processing tree models. HMMTree computes parameter estimates, confidence intervals, and goodness-of-fit statistics
for such models, as well as the Fisher information, expected category means and variances, and posterior probabilities for
class membership. A brief guide to using the program is provided. 相似文献
346.
347.
Christoph Lumer 《Argumentation》2010,24(1):41-69
This contribution discusses some problems of Pragma-Dialectics and explains them by its consensualistic view of the function
of argumentation and by its philosophical underpinnings. It is suggested that these problems can be overcome by relying on
a better epistemology and on an epistemological theory of argumentation. On the one hand Pragma-Dialectics takes unqualified
consensus as the aim of argumentation, which is problematic, (Sect. 2) on the other it includes strong epistemological and rationalistic elements (Sect. 3). The problematic philosophical underpinnings of Pragma-Dialectics, specifically Critical Rationalism as well as Logical
Constructivism and Dialogic Logic of the Erlangen School, are among the sources of this incoherence (Sect. 4). A detailed critique of the Pragma-Dialectical discussion rules shows the negative consequences of this foundation and indicates
how they could be avoided (Sects. 5, 6). 相似文献
348.
Andreas Hergovich Reinhard Schott Christoph Burger 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(3):188-209
The present paper investigated whether academic psychologists show a tendency to rate the quality and appropriateness of scientific
studies more favorably when results and conclusions are consistent with their own prior beliefs (i.e., confirmation bias).
In an online experiment, 711 psychologists completed a questionnaire (e.g., about their belief in astrology) and evaluated
research that was presented in form of a short abstract in which 40 different behaviors (e.g., alcohol consumption, willingness
to share money) have been tried to be predicted. The research to be evaluated varied on three dimensions which were all manipulated
between subjects: (1) the predictors of the 40 behaviors (either Big Five or astrological factors), (2) the methodological
quality of the study (low, medium, high), and (3) the results and subsequent conclusion of the study (confirmation or disconfirmation
of the hypotheses). Factor-analyzed scores of participants’ ratings on 8 scales, resulting in 2 factors termed quality and
appropriateness, served as dependent measures. The main result of the study is a two-way interaction: Psychologists tended
to evaluate results qualitatively higher when they conformed to their own prior expectations, as in this case, when astrological
hypotheses were disconfirmed. 相似文献
349.
350.