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281.
On the basis of Conservation of Resources theory, we investigated how social support from supervisor, co-workers, life partner, and family members is associated with work-family conflicts in N = 107 working mothers. We used data from a cross-sectional questionnaire and a standardized diary to examine two possible forms of interplay: (a) Social support as an antecedent of work-family conflicts, and (b) moderating effects of social support on the relationship between domain-specific strain and work-family conflicts. Overall, results favored social support as an antecedent of work-family conflicts. 相似文献
282.
David W. Putwain Christine M. Roberts 《The British journal of educational psychology》2009,79(4):643-661
Background Previous work has suggested that teachers of General Certificate of Secondary Education classes may use fear appeals as a motivational device but these may have unwanted consequences by increasing examination‐related anxiety in students. Aim To facilitate future work in this area, an instrument was developed to measure teachers' use of fear appeals in the course of normal classroom instruction. Samples Students in their final 2 years of compulsory schooling in England: 192 in Study 1 and 133 in Study 2. Method A construct validity approach was used in the development of this instrument. Study 1 reports the development and piloting of this measure. Study 2 reports refinement of this measure and relations with other constructs. Results A three‐factor structure provided a reasonable model fit and all factors demonstrated acceptable reliability. Factors 1 and 2 described the perceived frequency of fear appeals made in relation to educational/occupational consequences and the third factor described the perceived threat of fear appeals. Conclusion This instrument has demonstrated sufficient convergent and discriminant validity and reliability to be used in subsequent research, although the validation process should continue and it is hoped that the instrument will be adapted for use in other contexts. 相似文献
283.
284.
Viren Swami Rosanne Taylor Christine Carvalho 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):869-872
The present study examined the association between acceptance of cosmetic surgery and celebrity worship in a sample of British female undergraduates. A total of 401 women completed the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS; Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005), the Celebrity Attitude Scale (McCutcheon, Lange, & Houran, 2002), and provided their demographic details. Results showed that there were highly significant correlations between all subscales of the ACSS and CAS, as well as with participant age, and body mass index (BMI). A series of multiple regressions showed that celebrity worship and participant demographics explained about half of the variance in acceptance of cosmetic surgery, with Intense-personal celebrity worship emerging as the strongest predictor. Limitations of the current study are discussed in conclusion. 相似文献
285.
Michelle Proulx Marie-Dominique Beaulieu Christine Loignon Marie-Hélène Mayrand Christine Maugard Nathalie Bellavance Diane Provencher 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(2):160-172
Although the discovery of mutations on BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes associated with high breast cancer risk has given rise to screening
and surveillance initiatives, there is little documentation on why high-risk women choose to enter screening programs. The
objective of this qualitative study was to develop a detailed understanding of the experiences and decisions that motivate
women with increased risk of hereditary breast cancer to participate in the multicentered Quebec experimental breast screening
program. Our study involved 21 participants who were either BRCA carriers or at risk and untested. These women were interviewed
while participating in the screening program. Our study demonstrates that intensive screening programs may provide valuable
reassurance for women with increased familial risk of hereditary breast cancer, who count on early detection and rapid response
from professionals if and when a problem arises. Health professionals must take these and others concerns into account to
ensure their interventions are most consistent with women’s needs. 相似文献
286.
As genetic counselors, we frequently encounter families that have experienced a significant loss, be it a pregnancy, a child,
or a parent. The purpose of this Genetic Library is to introduce genetic counselors to some of the research that is currently
being conducted in the areas of grief and bereavement support, as well as end-of-life care. Of course, it is impossible to
capture the richness of these articles in one or two paragraphs. We therefore encourage interested genetic counselors to request
and review the full version of these papers. 相似文献
287.
Stephanie Danner Mary A. Fristad L. Eugene Arnold Eric A. Youngstrom Boris Birmaher Sarah M. Horwitz Christine Demeter Robert L. Findling Robert A. Kowatch The LAMS Group 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(3):271-293
Since the mid 1990s, early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs) have received increased attention in both the popular
press and scholarly press. Rates of diagnosis of BPSD in children and adolescents have increased in inpatient, outpatient,
and primary care settings. BPSDs remain difficult to diagnose, particularly in youth. The current diagnostic system makes
few modifications to accommodate children and adolescents. Researchers in this area have developed specific BPSD definitions
that affect the generalizability of their findings to all youth with BPSD. Despite knowledge gains from the research, BPSDs
are still difficult to diagnose because clinicians must: (1) consider the impact of the child’s developmental level on symptom
presentation (e.g., normative behavior prevalence, environmental limitations on youth behavior, pubertal status, irritability,
symptom duration); (2) weigh associated impairment and course of illness (e.g., neurocognitive functioning, failing to meet
full DSM criteria, future impairment); and (3) make decisions about appropriate assessment (differentiating BPSD from medical
illnesses, medications, drug use, or other psychiatric diagnoses that might better account for symptoms; comorbid disorders;
informant characteristics and assessment measures to use). Research findings concerning these challenges and relevant recommendations
are offered. Areas for further research to guide clinicians’ assessment of children with early-onset BPSD are highlighted.
Principal Investigators and Coinvestigators of Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) Group are listed in Appendix. 相似文献
288.
This study investigates the influence of the acoustic properties of vowels on 6‐ and 10‐month‐old infants’ speech preferences. The shape of the contour (bell or monotonic) and the duration (normal or stretched) of vowels were manipulated in words containing the vowels /i/ and /u/, and presented to infants using a two‐choice preference procedure. Experiment 1 examined contour shape: infants heard either normal‐duration bell‐shaped and monotonic contours, or the same two contours with stretched duration. The results show that 6‐month‐olds preferred bell to monotonic contours, whereas 10‐month‐olds preferred monotonic to bell contours. In Experiment 2, infants heard either normal‐duration and stretched bell contours, or normal‐duration and stretched monotonic contours. As in Experiment 1, infants showed age‐specific preferences, with 6‐month‐olds preferring stretched vowels, and 10‐month‐olds preferring normal‐duration vowels. Infants’ attention to the acoustic qualities of vowels, and to speech in general, undergoes a dramatic transformation in the final months of the first year, a transformation that aligns with the emergence of other developmental milestones in speech perception. 相似文献
289.
Tinnitus ist ein Ph?nomen, welches für fast jeden Menschen physiologisch unter ruhigen Umgebungsbedingungen subjektiv wahrnehmbar
wird. Im psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutischen Setting ist dieses Symptom in der Regel im Rahmen einer Somatisierungsst?rung
(F45.0; F45.1) oder des chronisch-komplexen Tinnitus (F54.0, H93.1) anzutreffen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein integrativer
HNO-?rztlicher und psychosomatischer Therapieansatz vorgestellt: Ziel der Behandlung ist es, die Komponenten der akustischen
Wahrnehmung zu reorganisieren, das Ohrger?usch und die psychisch emotionale Wertung zu entkoppeln sowie dessen psychologische
Bedeutung zu ?ndern. Weiters wird ein Modell vorgestellt, wie die Depression – als h?ufigste komorbide Achse-I-St?rung – in
das diagnostisch- therapeutische Erkl?rungsmodell integriert werden kann. Zuletzt werden M?glichkeiten er?rtert, wie Patienten
mit chronisch-komplexem Tinnitus zur Aufnahme einer psychotherapeutischen Behandlung motiviert werden k?nnen. 相似文献
290.
Meiser T Sattler C Von Hecker U 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2007,60(7):1015-1040
This research investigated the hypothesis that metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements are based on the recognition or nonrecognition of an event together with perceived or expected differences in the recognizability of events from different sources. The hypothesis was tested with a multinomial source-monitoring model that allowed separation of source-guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items. Experiments 1A and 1B manipulated the number of item presentations as relevant source information and revealed differential guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items, with a bias to attribute unrecognized items to the source associated with poor item recognition. Experiments 2A and 2B replicated the findings with a manipulation of presentation time and extended the analysis to subjective differences in item recognition. Experiments 3A and 3B used more natural source information by varying type of acoustic signal and demonstrated that subjective theories about differences in item recognition are sufficient to elicit differential source-guessing biases for recognized and unrecognized items. Together the findings provide new insights into the cognitive processes underlying source memory decisions, which involve episodic memory and reconstructive tendencies based on metacognitive beliefs and general world knowledge. 相似文献