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801.
Maternal–preschooler internal state discourse, preschooler perspective‐taking, and sibling caretaking for 32 dyads (preschooler M age=46.4 months, toddlers=14 months) was examined across three contexts varying in emotional demands: (a) naturalistic home observations, (b) mother–preschooler book reading (Parent–Child Affect Communication Task; Zahn‐Waxler, Ridgeway, Denham, Usher and Cole, 1993), and (c) a laboratory maternal separation session. Preschooler perspective‐taking was positively associated with emotional understanding during book reading. However, mothers did not adjust their internal state discourse in any of the three contexts to reflect preschoolers' perspective‐taking skills. Both preschooler internal state language during sibling conflict and maternal leave‐taking discourse were associated with sibling caretaking. Findings are discussed in light of the role of family discourse and dynamics in the development of children's social understanding. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
802.
Crowell SE Beauchaine TP Hsiao RC Vasilev CA Yaptangco M Linehan MM McCauley E 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(1):45-57
Self-inflicted injury (SII) in adolescence marks heightened risk for suicide attempts, completed suicide, and adult psychopathology.
Although several studies have revealed elevated rates of depression among adolescents who self injure, no one has compared
adolescent self injury with adolescent depression on biological, self-, and informant-report markers of vulnerability and
risk. Such a comparison may have important implications for treatment, prevention, and developmental models of self injury
and borderline personality disorder. We used a multi-method, multi-informant approach to examine how adolescent SII differs
from adolescent depression. Self-injuring, depressed, and typical adolescent females (n = 25 per group) and their mothers completed measures of psychopathology and emotion regulation, among others. In addition,
we assessed electrodermal responding (EDR), a peripheral biomarker of trait impulsivity. Participants in the SII group (a)
scored higher than depressed adolescents on measures of both externalizing psychopathology and emotion dysregulation, and
(b) exhibited attenuated EDR, similar to patterns observed among impulsive, externalizing males. Self-injuring adolescents
also scored higher on measures of borderline pathology. These findings reveal a coherent pattern of differences between self-injuring
and depressed adolescent girls, consistent with theories that SII differs from depression in etiology and developmental course. 相似文献
803.
Christina G. L. Nerstad Glyn C. Roberts Astrid M. Richardsen 《Journal of applied social psychology》2013,43(11):2231-2250
Although work represents an important achievement setting, research on the perceived motivational climate, as defined by the achievement goal theory (AGT), remains limited. Calls have been made for research on the salience of such situational influences based on traditional AGT. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a scale to measure the motivational climate at work. In a pilot study, participants completed a developed questionnaire and the findings supported psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Two further studies were conducted and the findings provided evidence of content validity, criterion‐related validity, construct validity, and internal consistency. The findings suggest the questionnaire might be used to determine the perception of the extant motivational climate in the workplace. 相似文献
804.
Common Representations of Abstract Quantities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sara Cordes Christina L. Williams Warren H. Meck 《Current directions in psychological science》2007,16(3):156-161
ABSTRACT— Representations of abstract quantities such as time and number are essential for survival. A number of studies have revealed that both humans and nonhuman animals are able to nonverbally estimate time and number; striking similarities in the behavioral data suggest a common magnitude-representation system shared across species. It is unclear, however, whether these representations provide animals with a true concept of time and number, as posited by Gallistel and Gelman (2000) . In this article, we review the prominent cognitive and neurobiological models of timing and counting and explore the current evidence suggesting that nonhuman animals represent these quantities in a modality-independent (i.e., abstract) and ordered manner. Avenues for future research in the area of temporal and mathematical cognition are also discussed. 相似文献
805.
We examined how people use their knowledge of events to recover thematic role structure during the interpretation of noun-noun
phrases. All phrases included one noun that was a good-agent/poor-patient (prosecutor) in a particular event (accuse), and the other noun was a good-patient/poor-agent (defendant) for the same event. If people interpret the noun-noun phrases by inverting the nouns and applying a thematic relation (see
Downing, 1977; Levi, 1978), phrases should be interpreted more easily when the head nouns typically are good agents and the
modifiers are good patients for specific events. Two experiments supported these predictions. Furthermore, the results indicated
that in the less preferred thematic order (agent-patient), people often generated interpretations in which the modifiers became
the focus of the interpretations. This finding suggests that violating thematic role preferences is one constraint on when
the inversion process occurs during noun-noun interpretation. 相似文献
806.
Tluczek A Zaleski C Stachiw-Hietpas D Modaff P Adamski CR Nelson MR Reiser CA Ghate S Josephson KD 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(2):115-128
This article describes the development of a tailored family-centered approach to genetic counseling following abnormal newborn
screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF). A genetic counseling consortium reviewed research literature, selected theoretical
frameworks, and incorporated counseling psychology micro skills. This innovative intervention integrated theories and empirically
validated techniques. Pilot testing and parent feedback confirmed satisfaction with and feasibility of the approach designed
to (a) minimize parents’ distress, (b) facilitate parents’ understanding, (c) increase parents’ capacities to use genetic
information, and (d) enhance parents’ experiences with genetic counseling. Counselors engage in a highly interactive process
of evaluating parents’ needs and tailoring assessments and interventions that include a therapeutic environment, the family’s
emotional needs, parents’ informational needs, and a follow-up plan. This promising new model is the first to establish a
theory-driven, evidence-based standard for genetic counseling in the context of NBS for CF. Additional research will evaluate
the model’s efficacy in clinical practice. 相似文献
807.
808.
Internet counseling is an area of rapid expansion in the field of applied psychology. Internet counseling or psychotherapy involves a variety of activities such as psychoeducation, individual therapy, and automated self-help interventions delivered via the Internet. Although other professional societies such as the National Association of Social Workers, the American Counseling Association, and the National Board of Certified Counselors have tackled the issues of Internet counseling ethics head on, the American Psychological Association has been conspicuously absent from this debate. Yet online therapy clinics are operating, and intervention efficacy is being studied. This discussion provides an overview of online counseling modalities, details the ethical concerns associated with each, and offers suggestions for the ethical practice of online counseling. 相似文献
809.
Marzia Di Girolamo Christina L. Winters Colinda M. B. Serie Corine de Ruiter 《Journal of personality assessment》2019,101(2):159-170
The most recent conceptualizations of empathy recognize affective empathy as distinct from cognitive empathy. Consequently, instruments that assess these 2 types of empathy have been developed. Among them, the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a particularly promising, relatively new, self-report measure consisting of 31 items. To examine the cross-cultural adaptability of the QCAE, we investigated the psychometric properties of an Italian version in 2 samples and with 2 different formats of administration. Study 1 (n = 407) used archival data collected via paper and pencil; Study 2 (n = 285) used newly collected data, obtained with an online format. In these studies, in addition to the QCAE, 6 other instruments measuring empathy-related constructs (i.e., interpersonal competence, well-being, personality traits, emotion regulation, alexithymia, and emotion recognition) were administered, too. Data analysis focused on factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity. The findings of both studies provide support for the cross-cultural applicability of the QCAE, and reveal interesting associations between empathy and the other constructs under examination. 相似文献
810.