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171.
This study provides implicit verb causality norms for a corpus of 305 English verbs. A web-based sentence completion study
was conducted, with 96 respondents completing fragments such as “John liked Mary because...” The resulting bias scores are
provided as supplementary material in the Psychonomic Society Archive, where we also present lexical and semantic verb features,
such as the frequency, semantic class and emotional valence. Our results replicate those of previous studies with much smaller
numbers of verbs and respondents. Novel effects of gender and its interaction with verb valence illustrate the type of issues
that can be investigated using stable norms for a large number of verbs. The corpus will facilitate future studies in a range
of areas, including psycholinguistics and social psychology. 相似文献
172.
Previous researchers have studied meditation practices as a means to understand consciousness as well as altered states of
consciousness. Various meditation techniques, such as Transcendental Meditation (TM) and Qigong, have been explored with source
localization tools; however, the concentrative meditation technique has yet to be fully studied in this manner. The current
study demonstrates findings, which outline differential activation in a self-referential default network during meditation
in participants who espouse themselves as regular concentrative meditation practitioners, as well as comparisons with a control
group practicing a modified version of the relaxation response. The results are compared with other putative experimental
findings employing other meditation techniques, and the findings outlined in the current study are discussed with respect
to changes in perceptual awareness often reported by meditators. 相似文献
173.
Monique Valcour Ariane Ollier-Malaterre Christina Matz-Costa Marcie Pitt-Catsouphes Melissa Brown 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2011,79(2):588-595
This study examined predictors of employee perceptions of organizational work–life support. Using organizational support theory and conservation of resources theory, we reasoned that workplace demands and resources shape employees' perceptions of work–life support through two mechanisms: signaling that the organization cares about their work–life balance and helping them develop and conserve resources needed to meet work and nonwork responsibilities. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that higher demands (work hours and work overload) were associated with reduced perceptions that the organization was supportive of work–life integration. Resources (job security, fit between employees' needs and the flexible work options available to them, supervisor support and work group support) were positively associated with perceptions of organizational work–life support. The results of this study urge further scholarly attention to work-based demands and resources as predictors of perceived organizational work–life support and yield implications for managerial practice. 相似文献
174.
John P. Meriac David J. Woehr Christina Banister 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(2):315-324
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences across three generational cohorts (Millennials, Generation X, and Baby Boomers) on dimensions of the work ethic construct using the multidimensional work ethic profile (MWEP). 相似文献175.
Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Wolfgang Schneider Daniela Becker Ralf Dohrenbusch Harald.J. Freyberger Harald Gündel Peter Henningsen 《Psychotherapeut》2010,55(5):373-379
In different fields of law the assessment of capability of performance is important and often poses a particular challenge for medical or psychological experts. The present article introduces a model for the assessment of capability of performance developed on the background of a multicenter and interdisciplinary research project. This approach of assessment assumes that the performance capability of a person with psychiatric or psychosomatic disorders does not arise from symptomatology alone; instead, it is also a consequence of interactions between coping processes of the individual and environmental factors. The presented model of the assessment of performance capability is mainly oriented to the “International Classification of Functioning” (ICF; WHO) whose central diagnostic categories are, in addition to the disorder and the somatic and psychiatric functions, the levels of activity and participation. The different assessing levels are operationalized in the assessment model. In this article the various diagnostic levels and their interactions and the criteria which have been formulated are described. The process of decision-making is explored as well. This assessment model aims to make a more reliable, valid and transparent process of expert decision-making in order to increase the objectivity and justice of the assessment procedure. 相似文献
176.
Emily E. Enns Patrick Boudreault Christina G. S. Palmer 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(2):161-173
Given the medical and cultural perspectives on deafness it is important to determine if genetic counselors’ attitudes toward
deaf people can affect counseling sessions for deafness genes. One hundred fifty-eight genetic counselors recruited through
the National Society of Genetic Counselors Listserv completed an online survey assessing attitudes toward deaf people and
scenario-specific comfort levels discussing and offering genetic testing for deafness. Respondents with deaf/Deaf friends
or who work in prenatal or pediatric settings had more positive attitudes toward deaf people than those without deaf/Deaf
friends or those working in ‘other’ settings. More positive attitudes toward deaf people correlated with higher comfort level
talking about genetic testing for the two scenarios involving culturally Deaf clients; and correlated with higher comfort level offering genetic testing to culturally Deaf clients wishing to have a deaf child. Attitudes and comfort level were not correlated
in the scenarios involving hearing or non-culturally deaf clients. These results suggest that genetic counselors’ attitudes
could affect information provision and the decision making process of culturally Deaf clients. Cultural sensitivity workshops
in genetic counseling training programs that incorporate personal interactions with culturally Deaf individuals are recommended.
Additional suggestions for fostering personal interactions are provided. 相似文献
177.
Kristen K. Ellard Christopher P. Fairholme Christina L. Boisseau Todd J. Farchione David H. Barlow 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(1):88-101
The Unified Protocol (UP) is a transdiagnostic, emotion-focused cognitive-behavioral treatment developed to be applicable across the emotional disorders. The UP consists of 4 core modules: increasing emotional awareness, facilitating flexibility in appraisals, identifying and preventing behavioral and emotional avoidance, and situational and interoceptive exposure to emotion cues. Here we present data from 2 open clinical trials. In the first trial, an initial version of the UP was administered to a heterogeneous clinical sample, yielding significant pre- to posttreatment effects across disorders on a variety of measures. Analyses of clinical significance demonstrated modest results, with 56% of participants achieving responder status and 33% achieving high end-state functioning. Further manual development ensued, resulting in specific modifications and enhancements to core treatment components, and a second trial presents data from an additional pilot study of this revised version of the UP. Results from this trial demonstrated more robust treatment effects, with 73% achieving responder status and 60% achieving high end-state functioning. Results improved further at 6-month follow-up, with 85% classified as treatment responders and 69% achieving high end-state functioning. Implications for the treatment of emotional disorders as well as dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology are discussed. 相似文献
178.
Under some circumstances, moving objects capture attention. Whether a change in the direction of a moving object attracts attention is still unexplored. We investigated this using a continuous tracking task. In Experiment 1, four grating patches changed smoothly and semirandomly in their positions and orientations, and observers attempted to track the orientations of two of them. After the stimuli disappeared, one of the two target gratings was queried and observers reported its orientation; hence direction of the gratings' motion across the screen was an irrelevant feature. Despite the irrelevance of its motion, when the nonqueried grating had collided with an invisible boundary within the last 200 msec of the trial, accuracy reporting the queried grating was worse than when it had not. Attention was likely drawn by the unexpected nature of these changes in direction of motion, since the effect was eliminated when the boundaries were visible (Experiment 2). This tendency for unexpected motion changes to attract attention has important consequences for the monitoring of objects in everyday environments. 相似文献
179.
Franz EA Sebastian A Hust C Norris T 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2008,34(2):398-412
A psychological refractory period (PRP) approach and the locus of slack logic were applied to examine the novel question of whether spatial translation processes can begin before the central bottleneck when effector or noneffector stimuli are processed from an egocentric (viewer-centered) perspective. In single tasks, trials requiring spatial translations were considerably slower than trials without translations (Experiment 1). Dual tasks consisted of tone discriminations (Task 1) and spatial translations (Task 2) using PRP methods with different manipulations on perceptual and response demands. When a viewer-centered perspective was used, the effect of spatial translation was reduced at short compared with long stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) when the potential for code overlap between tasks was removed (Experiments 2, 3, and 4); this finding supports the view that translation processes can begin before the central bottleneck. When an allocentric (non-viewer-centered) perspective was used (Experiment 5), the slowing associated with spatial translation was additive with SOA, suggesting that the processes of spatial translation cannot begin before the bottleneck. These findings highlight the importance of viewer perspective on central bottleneck requirements. Findings are further discussed in relation to the dorsal-ventral model of action and perception. 相似文献
180.
Differences in Noun and Verb Processing in Lexical Decision Cannot be Attributed to Word Form and Morphological Complexity Alone 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It has been suggested that the effect of word category in noun and verb processing reflects typical word class properties,
which can be characterized in terms of semantic as well as syntactic and morphological features. The present study is aimed
at differentiating and discussing the relative contribution of these aspects with a main focus on syntactic and morphological
processing. Experiment 1 established a processing advantage for nouns in German visual lexical decision, using nouns denoting
biological and man-made objects as compared to transitive and intransitive verbs. Experiment 2 showed that the noun advantage
persisted even when the morphological differences between word categories were reduced by using identical suffixes in nouns
and verbs. Overall results suggest that the processing differences cannot be reduced to variables such as frequency, word
form, or morphological complexity. Reaction time differences between transitive and intransitive verbs strengthen the role
of syntactic information. In line with previous accounts the observed effects are discussed in terms of a category-specific
combination of linguistic parameters. 相似文献