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911.
Hartman CA Rhee SH Willcutt EG Pennington BF 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(4):536-542
The present study is the first to utilize twin modeling to examine whether parent-teacher disagreement for ADHD ratings is
due to parent or teacher bias, or due to raters observing different but valid ADHD behaviors. A joint analysis was conducted
with 106 twin pairs, including twins selected for ADHD and control twin pairs. Total ADHD scores were analyzed using multiple
rater models that estimate genetic and environmental contributions common to both raters and unique to each rater. Results
suggest that 1) disagreement in ADHD ratings is strongly due to parents and teachers observing different ADHD behaviors, some
of which is valid and some of which is due to bias, and 2) parents may be more biased than teachers in their ADHD ratings. 相似文献
912.
Derek R. Nelson 《Dialog》2007,46(4):363-370
Abstract : Nathan Söderblom's research on the Christian concept of revelation vis‐à‐vis the encounter of Christianity and the world's religions is identified as a rich historical resource for the contemporary discussion on that topic. An appropriation of Söderblom's thought is proposed, particularly by recontextualizing the issue of non‐Christian religions as an opportunity for the doctrine of revelation rather than a “problem” for soteriology. The article makes special mention of Söderblom's writings on revelation as “genius,” as experiencing holiness, and as intrinsic to the task of theology, and concludes with strategies for a practical appropriation of Söderblom. 相似文献
913.
Two samples of undergraduates judged the personalities of strangers (either six men or six women) after viewing a 30 s, silent video clip of each target. We evaluated the accuracy of five traits, three of which were not previously studied in zero-acquaintance research (self-esteem, social dominance orientation (SDO), and satisfaction with life (SWL); we also tested masculinity and femininity). We compared these five new traits to a baseline of accuracy for extroversion. People reached consensus on self-esteem, SDO, and SWL, though accuracy was higher and more consistent for male targets. Significant self-other agreement was obtained only for SWL, for male targets. We replicated past studies by demonstrating zero-acquaintance accuracy for masculinity but not femininity. 相似文献
914.
Survey data from a student population of experienced workers was used to examine perceptions of organizational responses to sexual harassment. Results revealed significant differences in the perceived seriousness of gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion. Moreover, women viewed all three types of harassment as being significantly more serious than men. Terminating perpetrators’ employment, providing a verbal/written reprimand, and mandating an apology were rated as being the most common organizational responses to sexual harassment. A significant positive relationship existed between perceived organizational response severity and effectiveness in combating harassment. Results partially supported the notion that more severe responses are associated with greater effectiveness in communicating organizational intolerance of harassment. Contrary to hypotheses, ratings of organizational response effectiveness and appropriateness were not dependent upon harassment type. Further, organizational responses that involved transferring or reassigning victims were not viewed as less severe punishment for perpetrators than were most responses that involved the perpetrator directly. 相似文献
915.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM SINGLE-SEX AND COEDUCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS: DIFFERENCES IN MAJORS AND ATTITUDES AT A CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christie P. Karpiak James P. Buchanan Megan Hosey Allison Smith 《Psychology of women quarterly》2007,31(3):282-289
We conducted an archival study at a coeducational Catholic university to test the proposition that single-sex secondary education predicts lasting differences in college majors. Men from single-sex schools were more likely to both declare and graduate in gender-neutral majors than those from coeducational schools. Women from single-sex schools were more likely to declare gender-neutral majors, but were not different from their coeducated peers at graduation. A second study was conducted with a sample of first-year students to examine the correspondence between egalitarian attitudes, single-sex secondary education, and major choice. Egalitarianism was higher in students in nontraditional majors, but did not correspond in expected ways with single-sex education. Men from single-sex schools were less likely to hold egalitarian attitudes about gender roles, whereas women from single-sex and coeducational high schools did not differ in egalitarianism. Taken together, our results raise questions about the potential of single-sex high schools to reduce gender-stratification in professions. 相似文献
916.
Individualism is a fundamental value to U.S. culture and democracy. We differentiate the horizontal from vertical dimension of individualism to predict voting in the 2004 presidential election. Horizontal individualism (HI) values equality and uniqueness, whereas vertical individualism (VI) values competition and achievement. In line with the value-expressive function of attitudes and voter–politician congruency principles, we show how and when HI and VI affect voters' attitudes and voting. A pilot study revealed that VI correlated with vote; those who scored higher on VI were more likely to vote for Bush. Study 1 replicated these findings with a broader sample and a regression approach. The influence of individualism was less predictive than VI in both studies. In Study 2, we proposed that the effect of VI and HI values on voting decisions is mediated by political conservatism, which in turn predicts voters' trait assessment of candidates and voting decision. Path analysis of the data from a national survey supported our expectation among respondents with high political involvement, the context in which value-expressive attitudes are more pronounced. Taken together, these studies advance our theoretical understanding of HI, VI, and individualism, as well as the process underlying the effect of values on decisions. 相似文献
917.
Carolyn McNamara Barry Stephanie D. Madsen Larry J. Nelson Jason S. Carroll Sarah Badger 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(4):209-222
This study examined how emerging adults’ identity development and achievement of adulthood criteria were related to qualities
of their friendships and romantic relationships. Participants included 710 emerging adults (ages 18–26). Results indicated
that identity achievement was related positively to four romantic relationship qualities, but not to any friendship qualities.
Several achieved adulthood criteria were related positively to romantic relationship qualities; however, achieved adulthood
criteria were related negatively to friendship qualities. It appears that progress on salient developmental tasks of adulthood
carries important implications for emerging adults’ social relationships, but in ways that are more differentiated than commonly
assumed. 相似文献
918.
Christie Napa Scollon Amanda Hiles Howard Amanda E. Caldwell Sachiyo Ito 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(3):257-269
According to Affect Valuation Theory (Tsai et al. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1031–1039), culture influences how people want to feel (ideal affect). Integrating Affect Valuation Theory with the Time-sequential
Framework of Subjective Well-being (Kim-Prieto et al. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 261–300), we proposed that cultural norms influence the memory, but not the experience, of emotion. The present study examined
the role of ideal affect in relation to experience sampling and retrospective reports of emotion. Ideal affect correlated
with retrospective reports but not experience sampling reports. Extraversion and neuroticism were more strongly related to
experience sampling reports than to ideal levels of emotion. Results suggest that retrospective reports of emotion involve
a dynamic process that incorporates cultural information into the reconstruction whereas on-line emotions are more constrained
by temperament.
相似文献
Christie Napa ScollonEmail: |
919.
Johannes Rank Nicole E. Nelson Tammy D. Allen Xian Xu 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(3):465-489
This study examined self‐related subordinate variables as moderators of relationships between supervisors' leadership behaviours (transformational as well as active‐corrective transactional leadership) and subordinates' innovative behaviour and task performance. Based on behavioural plasticity and self‐monitoring theory, we hypothesized that these associations would be moderated by subordinates' organization‐based self‐esteem and by their propensity to modify self‐presentation, a major facet of the self‐monitoring construct. Field survey data (N=161) collected in research and development, marketing and human resources departments of several German companies revealed that transformational leadership positively predicted both criteria, whereas active‐corrective transactional leadership negatively predicted innovation. As hypothesized, transformational leadership related more strongly and positively to innovation for subordinates low in organization‐based self‐esteem. When subordinates were low in self‐presentation propensity, active‐corrective transactional leadership was negatively, and transformational leadership was positively associated with task performance. 相似文献
920.
Kevin Nelson 《Synthese》2009,166(1):91-111
Gott (Nature 363:315–319, 1993) considers the problem of obtaining a probabilistic prediction for the duration of a process, given the
observation that the process is currently underway and began a time t ago. He uses a temporal Copernican principle according to which the observation time can be treated as a random variable
with uniform probability density. A simple rule follows: with a 95% probability,
where T is the unknown total duration of the process and hence T − t is its unknown future duration. Gott claims that this rule is of very general application. In response, I argue that we are
usually only entitled to assume approximate temporal Copernicanism. That amounts to taking a probability distribution for the observation time that is, while not necessarily
uniform, at least a smooth function. I work from that assumption to carry out Bayesian updating of the probability for process
duration, as expressed by my Eq. 11. I find that for a wide range of conditions, processes that have already been underway
a long time are likely to last a long time into the future—a qualitative conclusion that is intuitively plausible. Otherwise,
however, too much depends on the specifics of various circumstances to permit any simple general rule. In particular, the
simple rule proposed by Gott holds only under a very restricted set of conditions. 相似文献