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111.
The results of two experiments supported the hypothesis that, for sexist men, exposure to sexist humor can promote the behavioral release of prejudice against women. Experiment 1 demonstrated that hostile sexism predicted the amount of money participants were willing to donate to a women's organization after reading sexist jokes but not after reading nonhumorous sexist statements or neutral jokes. Experiment 2 showed that hostile sexism predicted the amount of money participants cut from the budget of a women's organization relative to four other student organizations upon exposure to sexist comedy skits but not neutral comedy skits. A perceived local norm of approval of funding cuts for the women's organization mediated the relationship between hostile sexism and discrimination against the women's organization. 相似文献
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113.
Positivity and the Construction of Life Satisfaction Judgments: Global Happiness is not the Sum of its Parts 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ed Diener Christie K. Napa-Scollon Shigehiro Oishi Vivian Dzokoto Eunkook Mark Suh 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2000,1(2):159-176
The present study investigated how reports of satisfaction with specific versus global domains can be used to assess a disposition towards positivity in subjective well-being reports. College students from 41 societies (N = 7167) completed measures of life satisfaction and ratings of global and specific aspects of their lives. For example, participants rated satisfaction with their education (global) and satisfaction with their professors, textbooks, and lectures (specific). It was hypothesized that global measures would more strongly reflect individual differences in dispositional positivity, that is, a propensity to evaluate aspects of life in general as good. At both the individual and national levels, positivity predicted life satisfaction beyond objective measures. Also, positivity was associated with norms about ideal life satisfaction such that countries and individuals who highly valued positive emotions were more likely to display positivity. The difference between more global versus more concrete measures of satisfaction can be used as an indirect and subtle measure of positivity. 相似文献
114.
Christie L. McGee Olivia A. Bjorkquist Joseph M. Price Sarah N. Mattson Edward P. Riley 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):817-830
Based on caregiver report, children with prenatal alcohol exposure have difficulty with social functioning, but little is
known about their social cognition. The current study assessed the social information processing patterns of school-age children
with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure using a paradigm based on Crick and Dodge’s reformulated six-stage model. Fifty-two children
(aged 7–11) with and without heavy prenatal alcohol exposure were tested using a structured interview measure of social information
processing involving 18 videotaped vignettes of children in group entry and provocation situations. Alcohol-exposed children
displayed maladaptive processing patterns on the goal, response generation, and response evaluation steps in group entry situations,
and encoding, attribution, response evaluation, and enactment steps during provocation situations. Children with heavy prenatal
alcohol exposure also had difficulty on the Test of Problem Solving, and performance correlated with social information processing
measures. Such difficulties may lead to problems in social functioning and warrant early intervention. 相似文献
115.
Christie Napa Scollon Amanda Hiles Howard Amanda E. Caldwell Sachiyo Ito 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(3):257-269
According to Affect Valuation Theory (Tsai et al. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1031–1039), culture influences how people want to feel (ideal affect). Integrating Affect Valuation Theory with the Time-sequential
Framework of Subjective Well-being (Kim-Prieto et al. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 261–300), we proposed that cultural norms influence the memory, but not the experience, of emotion. The present study examined
the role of ideal affect in relation to experience sampling and retrospective reports of emotion. Ideal affect correlated
with retrospective reports but not experience sampling reports. Extraversion and neuroticism were more strongly related to
experience sampling reports than to ideal levels of emotion. Results suggest that retrospective reports of emotion involve
a dynamic process that incorporates cultural information into the reconstruction whereas on-line emotions are more constrained
by temperament.
相似文献
Christie Napa ScollonEmail: |
116.
Hartman CA Rhee SH Willcutt EG Pennington BF 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(4):536-542
The present study is the first to utilize twin modeling to examine whether parent-teacher disagreement for ADHD ratings is
due to parent or teacher bias, or due to raters observing different but valid ADHD behaviors. A joint analysis was conducted
with 106 twin pairs, including twins selected for ADHD and control twin pairs. Total ADHD scores were analyzed using multiple
rater models that estimate genetic and environmental contributions common to both raters and unique to each rater. Results
suggest that 1) disagreement in ADHD ratings is strongly due to parents and teachers observing different ADHD behaviors, some
of which is valid and some of which is due to bias, and 2) parents may be more biased than teachers in their ADHD ratings. 相似文献
117.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM SINGLE-SEX AND COEDUCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS: DIFFERENCES IN MAJORS AND ATTITUDES AT A CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christie P. Karpiak James P. Buchanan Megan Hosey Allison Smith 《Psychology of women quarterly》2007,31(3):282-289
We conducted an archival study at a coeducational Catholic university to test the proposition that single-sex secondary education predicts lasting differences in college majors. Men from single-sex schools were more likely to both declare and graduate in gender-neutral majors than those from coeducational schools. Women from single-sex schools were more likely to declare gender-neutral majors, but were not different from their coeducated peers at graduation. A second study was conducted with a sample of first-year students to examine the correspondence between egalitarian attitudes, single-sex secondary education, and major choice. Egalitarianism was higher in students in nontraditional majors, but did not correspond in expected ways with single-sex education. Men from single-sex schools were less likely to hold egalitarian attitudes about gender roles, whereas women from single-sex and coeducational high schools did not differ in egalitarianism. Taken together, our results raise questions about the potential of single-sex high schools to reduce gender-stratification in professions. 相似文献
118.
119.
Objectification theory explicates a model in which women are socialized to view their own bodies as objects to be evaluated. In the current study, we used a 2 (self-objectification condition: swimsuit versus sweater)?×?2 (gender) factorial design to examine whether body-related thoughts continued after women were removed from a self-objectifying situation. Results showed that, compared to participants in the other three groups, women in the self-objectification condition listed more body-related thoughts during a free response task given after they had re-dressed. The amount of shame experienced during self-objectification mediated the relationship between self-objectification condition and lingering body-related thoughts. This study adds to the understanding of how the process of self-objectification works to maintain women’s focus on their appearance. 相似文献
120.
Hart Blanton James Jaccard Charlene Christie 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2006,42(2):192-212
The implicit association test (IAT) is believed to measure implicit evaluations by assessing reaction times on two cognitive tasks, often termed “compatible” and “incompatible” tasks. A common rationale for studying the IAT is that it might improve our prediction and understanding of meaningful psychological criteria. To date, however, no clear psychometric theory has been advanced for this measure. We examine the theory, methods and analytic strategies surrounding the IAT in the context of criterion prediction to determine measurement and causal models a researcher embraces (knowingly or unknowingly) by using the test. Our analyses reveal that the IAT revolves around interpretation of two distinct relative constructs, one at the conceptual level and one at the observed level. We show that interest in relative implicit evaluations at the conceptual level imposes a causal model that is restrictive in form. We then examine measurement models of the IAT and show how computing a difference score at the observed level may lack empirical justification. These issues are highlighted in a study replicating an effect established in the literature (Study 1). We then introduce a new variant of the IAT and use it to evaluate the reasonableness of traditional IAT methods (Study 2). 相似文献