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241.
Not yet human: implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Goff PA Eberhardt JL Williams MJ Jackson MC 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,94(2):292-306
Historical representations explicitly depicting Blacks as apelike have largely disappeared in the United States, yet a mental association between Blacks and apes remains. Here, the authors demonstrate that U.S. citizens implicitly associate Blacks and apes. In a series of laboratory studies, the authors reveal how this association influences study participants' basic cognitive processes and significantly alters their judgments in criminal justice contexts. Specifically, this Black-ape association alters visual perception and attention, and it increases endorsement of violence against Black suspects. In an archival study of actual criminal cases, the authors show that news articles written about Blacks who are convicted of capital crimes are more likely to contain ape-relevant language than news articles written about White convicts. Moreover, those who are implicitly portrayed as more apelike in these articles are more likely to be executed by the state than those who are not. The authors argue that examining the subtle persistence of specific historical representations such as these may not only enhance contemporary research on dehumanization, stereotyping, and implicit processes but also highlight common forms of discrimination that previously have gone unrecognized. 相似文献
242.
Unkelbach C Fiedler K Bayer M Stegmüller M Danner D 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,95(1):36-49
The authors postulate and show a speed advantage in the processing of positive information and hypothesize that this advantage is caused by the higher density of positive information in memory: Positive information is more similar to other positive information, in comparison with the similarity of negative information to other negative information. This "density" hypothesis is supported by multidimensional scaling of evaluative stimuli and response latency experiments. The relevance and explanatory power of the hypothesis is demonstrated by secondary data analyses of prior research in the evaluative priming paradigm. The final discussion is concerned with further theoretical implications of the density hypothesis, its generality and limitations, and its relation to other theoretical conceptions and applications. 相似文献
243.
In Conway and Pleydell-Pearce's model (2000), autobiographical memories are viewed as transitory mental representations, more often generated in an effortful way. An important claim of the model concerns the dynamic process that evolves over time, from the left prefrontal areas to posterior regions, to retrieve specific memories. The present work aims at investigating, using fMRI, the temporal distribution of effortful autobiographical memory construction. In addition, a self-paced design was implemented to elucidate the question of the timing window required to evoke recollections. The results showed a large pattern of brain regions, which included the two major poles of activation predicted by Conway and Pleydell-Pearce's model. Likewise, we were able to detect the earlier implication of the left dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex, by comparison with posterior structures, which seemed to confirm its involvement in the effortful retrieval process. Finally, the self-paced procedure allowed us to refine the timing window necessary to construct past events. 相似文献
244.
This paper reports the results of a two-sample study—a sample of medical reps from pharmaceutical companies (N = 232) and a sample of respondents from multiple organizations (N = 221)—of the relationships between pay satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Hypotheses were
tested using a multidimensional perspective on both pay satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results from both samples
show that the effect of pay satisfaction on intended turnover is fully mediated by affective commitment and perceived sacrifice
commitment. Pay satisfaction is also significantly related to normative commitment but the latter has no influence on the
outcome. Finally, in the sample of medical reps, pay satisfaction significantly reduces commitment based on lack of employment
alternatives, a finding that is interpreted in light of the characteristics of pay systems in pharmaceutical companies. Future
directions on compensation satisfaction and commitment research are discussed. 相似文献
245.
Serge Sévigny Robert Ladouceur Christian Jacques Michael Cantinotti 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2008,22(2):295-301
Two studies investigated the relationship between casino proximity and gambling participation, expenditure, and pathology. In Study 1, 8,842 participants were categorized into 1 of 4 driving distances from their home to the nearest casino in the province of Quebec: 0-100 km, 100.01-200 km, 200.01-300 km, or 300.01-981 km. In Study 2, 5,158 participants, who lived within a 100-km driving distance from the Montreal casino, were classified into 1 of 5 equidistant, 20-km driving distances. A survey company interviewed participants regarding their gambling habits. Results indicated a positive link between casino proximity and gambling participation (at the provincial and Montreal levels) and expenditure (at the provincial level only) but no link with the current prevalence rate of probable pathological gambling or of problem gambling. In a setting in which many types of gambling activities are available, casino proximity in itself does not appear to explain the rate of gambling-related problems. It is necessary to continue prospective research on exposure and adaptation theories as potential explanations for the development of pathological gambling. 相似文献
246.
Zuidas is a new city centre, which is emerging in the outskirts of Amsterdam. The ambitious project of developing a new international
city centre has been carefully planned as the Netherlands has a strong and meticulous tradition for urban planning. The planning
has however not only encompassed traditional urban planning aspects such as infrastructure, environmental factors and aesthetics,
but has also dealt with the design of urban experiences. Through an introduction of the framework of the structure of experiences,
this article examines how urban experiences can be understood and analysed, and deals with how urban experiences can be designed
through careful consideration of how experiences are constituted. Taking the psychological structure of experiences into account
when designing urbanity is not only interesting, but also highly relevant as Zuidas is competing with other international
venues such as La Défense, the Docklands and Potsdamer Platz. 相似文献
247.
Prof. Dr. Uwe Gieler Friedrich M. Jungblut Wolfgang Harth Christian Reimer Volker Niemeier Christa-Maria Höring Jörg Kupfer 《Psychotherapeut》2008,53(1):27-34
The problem
Are there correlations between shame and touch in healthy persons?Methods
Data from a questionnaire survey with the Skin Satisfaction Questionnaire (HautZuf) with 140 healthy persons were validated with TAS 26, HADS and the Adult Attachment Scale.Results
There are significant correlations in the scale shame with all other scales of the used questionnaires TAS-26, AAS and HADS. There was a negative correlation between the scale ?physical closeness“ and ?confidence“ of the AAS, but all other scales correlated positively with the shame scale.Conclusions
More emotions of shame seem to be present with anxiety, depression and disturbances in the sense of an alexithymia concept. Also high feelings of shame correlated with decreased confidence in the personal environment and greater intolerance for personal nearness. The significant correlations between shame affects and self-touch or touch by partner point to important factors in self-perception also for the psychotherapeutic context. 相似文献248.
Grillon C Alvarez RP Johnson L Chavis C 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2008,15(6):387-389
Renewal of an extinguished conditioned response has been demonstrated in humans and in animals using various types of procedures, except renewal of motor learning such as eyeblink conditioning. We tested renewal of delay and trace eyeblink conditioning in a virtual environment in an ABA design. Following acquisition in one context (A, e.g., an airport) and extinction in a different context (B, e.g., a city), tests for renewal took place in the acquisition (A) and extinction context (B), in a counterbalanced order. Results showed renewal of the extinguished conditioned response in the delay but not trace condition. 相似文献
249.
Christian Miller 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(5):551-561
The purpose of this paper is to consider Joshua Gert’s novel view of subjective practical rationality in his book Brute Rationality. After briefly outlining the account, I present two objections to his view and then consider his own objections to a rival
approach to understanding subjective rationality which I take to be much more plausible.
相似文献
Christian MillerEmail: |
250.
We all long for relationships with others, because only in connecting with others can we develop our intrapsychic structure
and become functional adults. We are psychologically predisposed to have a constant connection with others and are driven
toward relationships with others. Our deepest yearnings are therefore devoted to building solid dialogue as the means of becoming
fully human. We, therefore, consciously or unconsciously, long for a relationship where we can experience happiness, satisfaction
and, above all, redemption or salvation from our dreads, miseries and unhappiness. In this article we presuppose that a therapeutic
relationship, demonstrated in a psychoanalytic setting, namely in relational family therapy, can contain redemptive dimensions
in which the inextinguishable longing for salvation is always present.
相似文献
Christian GostecnikEmail: |