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101.
102.
Visual images preserve metric spatial information: evidence from studies of image scanning 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
S M Kosslyn T M Ball B J Reiser 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》1978,4(1):47-60
Four experiments demonstrated that more time is required to scan further distances across visual images, even when the same amount of material falls between the initial focus point and the target. Not only did times systematically increase with distance but subjectively larger images required more time to scan than did subjectively smaller ones. Finally, when subjects were not asked to base all judgments on examination of their images, the distance between an initial focus point and a target did not affect reaction times. 相似文献
103.
Jay V. Solnick Arnold Rincover Christa R. Peterson 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1977,10(3):415-424
Some determinants of the reinforcing and punishing properties of timeout were investigated in two experiments. Experiment I began as an attempt to reduce the frequency of tantrums in a 6-yr-old autistic girl by using timeout. Unexpectedly, the result was a substantial increase in the frequency of tantrums. Using a reversal design, subsequent manipulations showed that the opportunity to engage in self-stimulatory behavior during the timeout period was largely responsible for the increase in tantrums. Experiment II was initiated following the failure of timeout to reduce the spitting and self-injurious behavior of a 16-yr-old retarded boy. Using a multiple-baseline design, the nature of the timein environment was shown to be an important determinant of the effects of timeout. When the timein environment was “enriched”, timeout was effective as a punisher. A conception of timeout in terms of the relative reinforcing properties of timein and timeout and their clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
104.
Mark H. Chae Deborah B. Kelly Christa F. Brown Mark A. Bolden 《Counseling and values》2004,49(1):15-26
The current investigation examined the relationship of ethnic identity and spiritual development. The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (J. Phinney, 1992), Spirituality Ends Measure (B. Fiorito & L. Ryan, 1998), and Spirituality Means Measure (B. Fiorito & L. Ryan, 1998) were administered to 198 male and female college students from 4 ethnic groups. Results revealed differences among ethnic groups in the way that they identified with their ethnic heritage and spiritual orientation. In addition, the results Indicated that ethnic identity was positively associated with an intrinsic spiritual means orientation and negatively related to an extrinsic spiritual ends orientation. Implications for counselors and recommendations for future research are discussed. 相似文献
105.
Marty Ludlum Linn Hongell Christa Tigerstedt Justin Teeman 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2017,15(4):307-320
This research details a pilot study of Finnish college students and their views on the academic ethics (cheating). Finland is an unexamined population on this issue. In the current project, we surveyed students (n = 119) in the spring of 2014. We found unethical behavior is common on projects but less common on exams. We also found students are unwilling to report wrongdoing by other students. We examined differences between students’ attitudes on cheating based on several demographic factors, including gender, age and major. We conclude by discussing the implications for further research in this area. 相似文献
106.
107.
Otilia M. Blaga D. Jill Shaddy Christa J. Anderson Kathleen N. Kannass Todd D. Little John Colombo 《Intelligence》2009,37(1):106-113
We evaluated over 200 participants semiannually from 12 to 48 months of age on measures of intellectual (Bayley Scales, Stanford–Binet Scale) and verbal (MacArthur–Bates Inventory, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test) status. Structural equation modeling and hierarchical linear (growth curve) analyses were applied to address the nature of development and individual differences during this time. Structural analyses showed a strong and robust simplex model from infancy to the preschool period, with no evidence of qualitative reorganizations or discontinuities. Growth-curve modeling revealed significant associations between level factors across the early and later measures of cognition, providing further evidence of continuity; the growth trajectory from the Bayley through 24 months predicted growth in a nonverbal factor, but not in a verbal factor. Altogether, the findings reveal continuous and stable development in intellectual function from late infancy through the preschool years. Additionally, the high level of continuity demonstrated across these ages was observed to be largely independent of growth in vocabulary. 相似文献
108.
Pagani LS Japel C Vaillancourt T Côté S Tremblay RE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2008,36(1):41-53
Using data from three waves of a large Canadian data set, we examine the relationship between two middle childhood trajectory
variables, family dysfunction and anxiety. We draw upon family systems theory and developmental psychopathology, while attempting
to expand their boundaries by capitalizing on the strengths within both approaches. Our data treatment strategy, guided by
the life course analytical framework, included separate multivariate logits to examine this relationship, with and without
the extent to, which selected explanatory risk variables predicted belonging to the highest family dysfunction trajectory.
We also explored possible interactions between anxiety and explanatory risk variables. Supporting our hypothesis, a prolonged
duration of high doses of family dysfunction was associated with the most extreme developmental trajectories of anxious behavior
during middle childhood for both boys and girls. This relationship prevailed above and beyond the influence of other correlates
of family dysfunction such as marital transition, socioeconomic status, family size, and depressive symptoms experienced by
the informant (mostly mothers).
Specific details regarding the sample, characteristics of measures, and unspecified estimates and their standard errors per
data source are available from the first author in the form of tables and figures. 相似文献
109.
The creation of a postcolonial subject: The Chicago and Ateneo de Manila schools and the Peace Corps in the Philippines, 1960–1970 下载免费PDF全文
Christa Wirth 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2018,54(1):5-24
In the 1950s and 1960s scholars from the University of Chicago and the Ateneo de Manila created social scientific knowledge that helped establish the Peace Corps as a Cold War institution in the Philippines. Central were the social scientists at the University of Chicago and the Ateneo de Manila University who established a knowable postcolonial subject: “the Filipino,” which resulted from their research on Philippine values. In this context, the Ateneo/Chicago social scientists developed the “SIR,” the “smooth interpersonal relation” model that entails the notion that Filipinos and Filipinas particularly valued this nonconfrontational skill set among people. The SIR model was taught by social science experts to early Peace Corps volunteers as they prepared for their assignments in the Philippines. The article shows how the SIR model could cause distress and confusion as it was applied by Peace Corps volunteers in the Philippines. 相似文献
110.
Tluczek A Zaleski C Stachiw-Hietpas D Modaff P Adamski CR Nelson MR Reiser CA Ghate S Josephson KD 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(2):115-128
This article describes the development of a tailored family-centered approach to genetic counseling following abnormal newborn
screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF). A genetic counseling consortium reviewed research literature, selected theoretical
frameworks, and incorporated counseling psychology micro skills. This innovative intervention integrated theories and empirically
validated techniques. Pilot testing and parent feedback confirmed satisfaction with and feasibility of the approach designed
to (a) minimize parents’ distress, (b) facilitate parents’ understanding, (c) increase parents’ capacities to use genetic
information, and (d) enhance parents’ experiences with genetic counseling. Counselors engage in a highly interactive process
of evaluating parents’ needs and tailoring assessments and interventions that include a therapeutic environment, the family’s
emotional needs, parents’ informational needs, and a follow-up plan. This promising new model is the first to establish a
theory-driven, evidence-based standard for genetic counseling in the context of NBS for CF. Additional research will evaluate
the model’s efficacy in clinical practice. 相似文献