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971.
Chris Kelly 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(3):369-382
Many recent attacks on consequentialism and several defenses of pluralism have relied on arguments for the incommensurability
of value. Such arguments have, generally, turned on empirical appeals to aspects of our everyday experience of value conflict.
My intention, largely, is to bypass these arguments and turn instead to a discussion of the conceptual apparatus needed to
make the claim that values are incommensurable. After delineating what it would mean for values to be incommensurable, I give
an a priori argument that such is impossible. It is widely accepted that value is conceptually tied to desire. I argue that,
more specifically, it is proportional to merited desire strength. This connection gives one a metric of all value if there
is any such thing. This metric entails that value is a complete ordering over all states of affairs, or, in other words, that
value is commensurable. 相似文献
972.
Chris John Daly 《Philosophical Studies》2008,139(3):423-440
This paper distinguishes revolutionary fictionalism from other forms of fictionalism and also from other philosophical views.
The paper takes fictionalism about mathematical objects and fictionalism about scientific unobservables as illustrations.
The paper evaluates arguments that purport to show that this form of fictionalism is incoherent on the grounds that there
is no tenable distinction between believing a sentence and taking the fictionalist's distinctive attitude to that sentence.
The argument that fictionalism about mathematics is ‘comically immodest’ is also evaluated. In place of those arguments, an
argument against fictionalism about abstract objects of any kind is presented in the last section. This argument takes the
form of a trilemma against the fictionalist.
相似文献
Chris John DalyEmail: |
973.
Compulsive buying is an important construct in marketing that has far-reaching personal and social implications. The profile of the adult compulsive buyer in the literature is based largely on the 1992 Faber and O'Guinn Compulsive Buying Scale. A second compulsive buying scale by Edwards has also been used but sparingly. Empirical research conducted over that past 15 years with these two scales shows that, although both scales were designed to measure compulsive buying, the two appear to be different operationalizations of the construct. The present review raises several psychometric issues about both scales. Their robustness is crucial to a clear understanding of the antecedents and consequences of compulsive buying. Directions for research are added. 相似文献
974.
A diary study examined the effects of romantic attachment (avoidance, anxiety) and autonomous and sociotropic personality on levels of sociability within social interactions across relational contexts (N = 89 undergraduates). As expected, the effects of domain-specific romantic attachment avoidance and anxiety on sociability were localized to social interactions with romantic partners, whereas the effects of autonomy and sociotropy were generalized across relational contexts (i.e., across social interactions with romantic partners, family members, friends, and acquaintances/others). Furthermore, the effects of both autonomy and sociotropy on sociability were partially mediated by domain-specific attachment in domain-congruent (romantic) but not domain-incongruent (non-romantic) relational contexts: romantic avoidance partially mediated the effects of autonomy on sociability toward romantic partners, whereas romantic anxiety partially mediated the effects of sociotropy. These results suggest that autonomy and sociotropy summarize global regularities in relational responding that correspond to those described by attachment avoidance and anxiety—although (unlike attachment) they do so across relational contexts. Domain-specific attachment representations, in contrast, govern responding within context-congruent domains and act as a mechanism through which personality guides social interaction within these domains. 相似文献
975.
This investigation tested whether (1) the Big Five personality traits contribute to favorable perceptions of touch from a relational partner, (2) participants’ sex or personality better predicted positive perceptions of touch, and (3) perceptions of touch vary as a function of relationship satisfaction. A total of 305 participants aged 18–69 years completed self-report measures of reactions to touch, personality, and relationship satisfaction. Results showed that agreeableness was a significant predictor of positive perceptions of touch to both intimate and nonintimate body regions. Openness to experience was also a significant predictor in positive perceptions of touch to nonintimate body regions. Overall, personality was a stronger predictor of positive perceptions of touch than either biological sex or relationship satisfaction with the toucher. 相似文献
976.
A spatial negative priming (NP) paradigm was used where trials were presented in pairs, first the 'prime' and then the 'probe', and where participants responded manually to a target's location. In Experiment 1, three prime-trial types were used: distractor-plus-target, predictable distractor-only, and unpredictable distractor-only, with prime-probe trial onset delays of 2, 5 or 10 s (NP longevity). In Experiment 2, the latter two prime-trials were employed with onset delays of 75 and 750 ms (distractor response activation-inhibition sequence). With the exception of the 10 s onset delay, the spatial NP effect data (NP size, longevity, distractor response activation-inhibition sequence) was the same for all three prime-trial types. Thus, the varying processing demands associated with each of the prime-trial types (e.g., selection, intervening response) did not alter prime distractor processing so that they differentially contributed to the spatial NP process. The three prime-trial types can be used interchangeably, within limits, to study the NP process. 相似文献
977.
This study explores the phenomenological experience of rumination in a sample of 22 chronically depressed people and looks at the extent to which it is consistent with theoretical ideas. The findings indicate that, on average, depressed people ruminate about at least two different topics, and that there is wide variability in how long each episode lasts. Rumination is a complex process frequently involving imagery as well as verbal thoughts and is almost invariably associated with multiple emotions. Although there was some evidence for stop rules being involved, most individuals attributed ending a period of rumination to distraction, whether external or internally generated. 相似文献
978.
Sivell S Elwyn G Gaff CL Clarke AJ Iredale R Shaw C Dundon J Thornton H Edwards A 《Journal of genetic counseling》2008,17(1):30-63
As an individual’s understanding of their genetic risk may influence risk management decisions, it is important to understand
the ways in which risk is constructed and interpreted. We systematically reviewed the literature, undertaking a narrative synthesis
of 59 studies presenting data on the ways in which individuals perceive, construct and interpret their risk, and the subsequent
effects. While most studies assessed perceived risk quantitatively, the combined evidence suggests individuals find risk difficult
to accurately quantify, with a tendency to overestimate. Rather than being a stand-alone concept, risk is something lived
and experienced and the process of constructing risk is complex and influenced by many factors. While evidence of the effects
of perceived risk is limited and inconsistent, there is some evidence to suggest high risk estimations may adversely affect
health and lead to inappropriate uptake of medical surveillance and preventative measures by some individuals. A more focused
approach to research is needed with greater exploration of the ways in which risk is constructed, along with the development
of stronger theoretical models, to facilitate effective and patient-centered counseling strategies. 相似文献
979.
Hippocampal-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory are modulated by apamin-sensitive small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels. Transgenic mice overexpressing SK2 channels (SK2+/T mice) exhibit marked deficits in hippocampal memory and synaptic plasticity, as previously reported. Here, we examined whether SK2 overexpression affects the encoding or retention of contextual memory. Compared with wild-type littermates, SK2+/T mice exhibited significantly less context-dependent freezing 10 min and 24 h after conditioning. Interestingly, this contextual memory impairment was eliminated if SK2+/T mice were permitted longer pre-exposure to the conditioning chamber. These data support converging evidence that SK2 channels restrict the encoding of hippocampal memory. 相似文献
980.
Chris G. Richardson Pamela A. Ratner Bruno D. Zumbo 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(2):98-114
Although the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale is one of the most widely used measures of global self esteem, the underlying measurement
structure of the items is still debated. In this study the dimensionality of a six item version of the Rosenberg Self Esteem
Scale included in the National Population Health Survey of Canada was examined using nested confirmatory factor analyses.
The results indicate that the six items measure two correlated dimensions of global self esteem. The first dimension appears
to represent a measure of self competence, and the second is interpreted as a measure of self liking. Subsequent tests of
predictive power and discriminant validity supported the two dimension interpretation. The two dimensions had substantially
different relationships with theoretically related measures of anxiety, negative affect and happiness. In addition to these
different correlations, latent variable regressions indicated that the self-competency factor consistently suppressed irrelevant
variance in the self liking factor when predicting anxiety, negative affect and happiness. 相似文献