全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1495篇 |
免费 | 76篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 32篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 47篇 |
2016年 | 54篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 58篇 |
2013年 | 200篇 |
2012年 | 87篇 |
2011年 | 98篇 |
2010年 | 64篇 |
2009年 | 58篇 |
2008年 | 76篇 |
2007年 | 97篇 |
2006年 | 64篇 |
2005年 | 59篇 |
2004年 | 57篇 |
2003年 | 40篇 |
2002年 | 39篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 29篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1571条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
231.
In a series of four experiments, we examine the hypothesis that selective attention is crucial for the generation of conscious knowledge of contingency information. We investigated this question using a spatial priming task in which participants were required to localize a target letter in a probe display. In Experiment 1, participants kept track of the frequency with which the predictive letter in the prime appeared in various locations. This manipulation had a negligible impact on contingency awareness. Subsequent experiments requiring participants to attend to features (color, location) of the predictive letter increased contingency awareness somewhat, but there remained a large proportion of individuals who remained unaware of the strong contingency. Together the results of our experiments suggest that the construct of attention does not fully capture the processes that lead to contingency awareness, and suggest a critical role for bottom-up feature integration in explicit contingency learning. 相似文献
232.
The influence of pre-experimental autobiographical knowledge on recognition memory was investigated using as memoranda faces that were either personally known or unknown to the participant. Under a dual process theory, such knowledge boosted both recollection- and familiarity-based recognition judgements. Under an unequal variance signal detection model, pre-experimental knowledge increased both the variance and the separation of the target and foil memory strength distributions, boosting hits and correct rejections. Thus, pre-experimental knowledge has profound effects on the multiple, interacting processes that subserve recognition memory, and likely in the neural systems that underpin them. 相似文献
233.
Oliver Dickhäuser Marc-André Reinhard Chris Englert 《Social Psychology of Education》2011,14(4):519-528
The importance of performance expectancies for the prediction of regulation of behavior and actual performance has long been
established. Building on theories from the field of social cognition, we suggest that the level of performance expectancies,
as well as the certainty of the expectancy, have a joint influence on an individual’s beliefs and behavior. In two studies
(one cross sectional using a sample of secondary school students and one longitudinal using a sample of university students)
we found that expectancies more strongly predicted persistence, and subsequent performance, the more certain the expectancy
was. This pattern was found even if prior performance was controlled, as in Study 2. The data give an indication that it may
be useful to include certainty as an additional variable in expectancy models. 相似文献
234.
Landmark use has been demonstrated in a variety of organisms, yet the manner in which landmarks are encoded and subsequently
used appears to vary between and sometimes within species, even when faced with identical landmark arrays. In the present
experiments, orangutans and human children were shown a square array of identical landmarks and were trained to locate a hidden
goal in the centre of the array. In Experiments 1 and 2, the search space appeared to be discrete, with white gridlines dividing
up the space, and in Experiments 3a and 3b, the search space was uniformly coloured, making it appear continuous. In all experiments,
following training, subjects were given a single expansion test, to determine their landmark strategy use, based on peak search
activity. The orangutans appeared to use absolute directional vectors from individual landmarks, with peak search activities
on the inner corners of the square array, and they used this strategy persistently. In contrast, human children showed two
landmark-based strategies, absolute directional vectors and a relational or “middle” strategy, with the majority of children
starting their search in the middle region. Although some children, especially young children, persistently used one strategy
like the orangutans, many changed strategies when the original one failed to yield the hidden goal. 相似文献
235.
236.
Humans have the ability to replicate the emotional expressions of others even when they undergo different emotions. Such distinct responses of expressions, especially positive expressions, play a central role in everyday social communication of humans and may give the responding individuals important advantages in cooperation and communication. The present work examined laughter in chimpanzees to test whether nonhuman primates also use their expressions in such distinct ways. The approach was first to examine the form and occurrence of laugh replications (laughter after the laughter of others) and spontaneous laughter of chimpanzees during social play and then to test whether their laugh replications represented laugh-elicited laugh responses (laughter triggered by the laughter of others) by using a quantitative method designed to measure responses in natural social settings. The results of this study indicated that chimpanzees produce laugh-elicited laughter that is distinct in form and occurrence from their spontaneous laughter. These findings provide the first empirical evidence that nonhuman primates have the ability to replicate the expressions of others by producing expressions that differ in their underlying emotions and social implications. The data further showed that the laugh-elicited laugh responses of the subjects were closely linked to play maintenance, suggesting that chimpanzees might gain important cooperative and communicative advantages by responding with laughter to the laughter of their social partners. Notably, some chimpanzee groups of this study responded more with laughter than others, an outcome that provides empirical support of a socialization of expressions in great apes similar to that of humans. 相似文献
237.
The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is the most widely used indirect measure of attitudes in social psychology. It has been suggested that artefacts such as salience asymmetries and familiarity can influence performance on the IAT. Chang and Mitchell (2009) proposed that the ease with which IAT stimuli are classified (classification fluency) is the common mechanism underlying both of these factors. In the current study, we investigated the effect of classification fluency on the IAT and trialled a measure-the split IAT-for dissociating between the effects of valence and salience in the IAT. Across six experiments, we examined the relationship between target classification fluency and salience asymmetries in the IAT. In the standard IAT, the more fluently classified target category was, all else being equal, compatible with pleasant attributes over unpleasant attributes. Furthermore, the more fluently classified target category was more easily classified with the more salient attribute category in the split IAT, independent of evaluative associations. This suggests that the more fluently classified category is also the more salient target category. 相似文献
238.
We tested Ariely's (2001) proposal that the visual system represents the overall statistical properties of sets of objects against alternative accounts of rapid averaging involving sub-sampling strategies. In four experiments, observers could rapidly extract the mean size of a set of circles presented in an RSVP sequence, but could not reliably identify individual members. Experiment 1 contrasted performance on a member identification task with performance on a mean judgment task, and showed that the tasks could be dissociated based on whether the test probe was presented before or after the sequence, suggesting that member identification and mean judgment are subserved by different mechanisms. In Experiment 2, we confirmed that when given a choice between a probe corresponding to the mean size of the set and a foil corresponding to the mean of the smallest and largest items only, the former is preferred to the latter, even when observers are explicitly instructed to average only the smallest and largest items. Experiment 3 showed that a test item corresponding to the mean size of the set could be reliably discriminated from a foil but the largest item in the set, differing by an equivalent amount, could not. In Experiment 4, observers rejected test items dissimilar to the mean size of the set in a member identification task, favoring test items that corresponded to the mean of the set over items that were actually shown. These findings suggest that mean representation is accomplished without explicitly encoding individual items. 相似文献
239.
Langley LK Friesen CK Saville AL Ciernia AT 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2011,73(5):1546-1561
This study examined adult age differences in reflexive orienting to two types of uninformative spatial cues: central arrows and peripheral onsets. In two experiments using a Posner cuing task, young adults (ages 18–28 years), young-old adults (60–74 years), and old-old adults (75–92 years) responded to targets that were preceded 100–1,000 ms earlier by a central arrow or a peripheral abrupt onset. In Experiment 1, the cue remained present upon target onset. Facilitation effects at short cue–target stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) were prolonged in duration for the two older groups relative to the young adults. At longer cue–target SOAs, inhibition of return (IOR) that was initiated by peripheral onset cues was observed in the performance of young adults but not in that of the two older groups. In Experiment 2, the cue was presented briefly and removed prior to target onset. The change in cue duration minimized age differences (particularly for young-old adults) in facilitation effects and led to IOR for all three age groups. The findings are consistent with the idea that attentional control settings change with age, with higher settings for older adults leading to delayed disengagement from spatial cues. 相似文献
240.
Paffen CL Hooge IT Benjamins JS Hogendoorn H 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2011,73(4):1042-1053
When two different images are presented to the two eyes, the percept will alternate between the images (a phenomenon called binocular rivalry). In the present study, we investigate the degree to which such interocular conflict is conspicuous. By using a visual search task, we show that search for interocular conflict is near efficient (15 ms/item) and can lead to a search asymmetry, depending on the contrast in the display. We reconcile our findings with those of Wolfe and Franzel (1988), who reported inefficient search for interocular conflict (26 ms/item) and found no evidence for a search asymmetry. In addition, we provide evidence for the suggestion that differences in search for interocular conflict are contingent on the degree of abnormal fusion of the dissimilar images. 相似文献