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161.
Chris Harwood 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(2):106-119
This paper advises practitioners of the limitations of employing nomothetic research tools for the idiographic assessment of athletes' achievement goal orientations. Consultants are encouraged to appreciate the scoring trends of the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ; Duda & Nicholls, 1992) and the Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ; Roberts, Treasure, & Balague, 1998) and to recognize that the measures may not bestow them with accurate and meaningful information on an athlete's motivational responses in the contexts of competition and practice. The contextual sensitivity of the TEOSQ and the POSQ is explored empirically among a sample of 179 high-level team and individual athletes. Repeated measures ANOVAs with follow-up paired t -tests illustrated how performers' goal orientations for competition differed significantly from their overall sport goal orientation. The findings are discussed with reference to the implications for practitioners and the development of appropriate contextual assessments of achievement goals at nomothetic and idiographic levels. 相似文献
162.
The present study investigated the relationship between achievement goal orientations and process goals in a sample of rugby union players. Participants were aged 14–45 years (M + SD: 24.31 + 6.02) and ranged from Club to National level. There were 78 males and 72 females with a mean of 9.17 years experience. Achievement goals were measured using an instrument developed by Harwood, Wilson, and Hardy (2002) that assesses Self-Directed Task, Self-Directed Ego, Social Approval Task, and Social Approval Ego Goal Orientations. Process goals were measured using a slightly adapted version of an instrument developed by Harwood (1997). Self-Directed Task (7), Self-Directed Ego (5), Social Approval Task (6), and Social Approval Ego (2) had varying numbers of significant positive correlations with process goal variables. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that Self-Directed Task was the sole significant predictor for six of the seven process goal variables (β = .30 to .60). Those significant others who influence the achievement context should encourage high levels of Self-Directed Task and discourage high levels of Social Approval Ego goal orientation to promote a focus upon the processes of performance. 相似文献
163.
David J. Foster Daniel A. Weigand Dean Baines 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(2):167-171
Abstract A meta-analysis was conducted on 40 studies (76 effects) in order to examine exercise training as a method of stress-management treatment for adults. It offered evidence of a low-to-moderate positive effect in anxiety reduction. Exercise training studies that examined change from pre to post-treatment and studies that examined both change over time and between group differences were examined separately. The unbiased weighted average effect sizes were .45 and .36, respectively. Thus, exercise training improved anxiety levels an average of .36 standard deviations over alternative or control conditions. Adults who were more likely to have a stressful lifestyle benefited more from the exercise training than those who did not. Recommendations are made for both practice and research. 相似文献
164.
This study addresses how moral judgment development, authenticity, and nonprejudice account for variance in scores pertaining to various motivational functions underlying volunteerism in order to clarify certain problems associated with previous research that has considered such relationships. In the study, 127 participants completed measurements that pertain to these constructs. Correlations revealed that moral judgment had a negligible relationship with both authenticity and nonprejudice, thereby affirming that the former construct is distinct from the latter two. Linear regression analyses supported that moral judgment development and nonprejudice provided the strongest contributions to the variance of the considered indices of volunteer motivation. The motivational function underlying volunteerism was also recognized as an important factor that pertains to the observed contributions of variance. Findings are discussed in concert with and compared to prior considerations of relationships between moral judgment development and considerations of the moral self. Implications where moral education is concerned are also considered. 相似文献
165.
Dissociation is a phenomenon common in a number of psychological disorders and has been frequently suggested to impair memory for traumatic events. In this study we explored the effects of dissociation on visual memory. A dissociative state was induced experimentally using a mirror-gazing task and its short-term effects on memory performance were investigated. Sixty healthy individuals took part in the experiment. Induced dissociation impaired visual memory performance relative to a control condition; however, the degree of dissociation was not associated with lower memory scores in the experimental group. The results have theoretical and practical implications for individuals who experience frequent dissociative states such as patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 相似文献
166.
167.
Research indicates that decision-making competence in everyday life is associated with certain decision-making styles. The aims of this article are to extend this research by examining (a) the extent to which general cognitive styles explain variance in decision-making competence over and above decision-making styles, and (b) the extent to which personality explains variance in decision-making competence over and above both types of style variable. Participants (N = 355) completed measures of everyday decision-making competence (Decision Outcomes Inventory), decision styles (Decision Style Questionnaire; Maximization Inventory), cognitive styles (the Cognitive Styles Inventory; Rational-Experience Inventory), and the Big Five personality variables (IPIP Big-Five factor scales). The results indicate that cognitive styles offer no incremental validity over decision-making styles in predicting decision-making competence, but that personality does offer substantial incremental validity over general cognitive styles and decision-making styles. Jointly decision-making styles and personality account for a substantial amount of variance in everyday decision-making competence. 相似文献
168.
Robert E. Foster 《Military psychology》2013,25(3):308-317
This article briefly discusses common themes concerning training transformation shared by articles in this special issue. Themes include: the continuing combat training center revolution, the interplay between theory and practice in military training programs, training as an engineering discipline, the role of training as a contributor to human performance in military operations, the use of training simulations to assess human performance, and data standards. The article emphasizes the need for researchers to better explain and articulate the value and return on investment of training in general and training transformation in particular. Meeting this need will better inform decisions and decision makers in allocating resources to training across the full range of defense requirements. 相似文献
169.
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a serious and widespread problem in India as it is in many parts of the world today. The trauma associated with sexual abuse can contribute to arrested development, as well as a host of psychological and emotional disorders, that some children and adolescents may never overcome. When sexual abuse goes unreported and children are not given the protective and therapeutic assistance they need, they are left to suffer in silence. This article discusses the nature and incidence of the sexual abuse of minors in India and presents an overview of research findings to date. Socio-cultural and familial risk factors involved in CSA are discussed. Common symptoms and disorders associated with sexual abuse are outlined. Finally, some implications for counselors working with children in India who have been sexually abused are highlighted. 相似文献
170.
Petar Milojev Danny Osborne Lara M. Greaves Fiona Kate Barlow Chris G. Sibley 《Journal of research in personality》2013,47(6):936-944
We assessed the stability of a short-form six-factor personality measure over a one-year period in a large national probability sample (N = 4289). Personality was assessed using the Mini-IPIP6—a short-form measure assessing Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, and Honesty-Humility. Standardized estimates calculated using Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling (BSEM) indicated that all six personality dimensions were extremely stable. An alternative model using Maximum Likelihood estimation, in which residual item variances were associated over repeated assessments, yielded similar findings. These results highlight the stability of personality in the general population, even when assessed using short-form scales. The use of Bayesian models to examine the stability of personality and their application for study of change in specific developmental periods is discussed. 相似文献