哈尼族自然宗教的神职人员——莫批

莫批是哈尼族社会生活中的重要角色之一。他们既是自然属性的人,又是人神交界的代言人;他们曾经是哈尼族社会政治领袖人物,又是宗教祭司。莫批作为哈尼人民为人处事的楷模,又是哈尼人人生价值的标榜。本文在分析莫批产生的历史演变基础上,阐述莫批在哈尼族社会中的功能和地位及其在哈尼族地区构建和谐社会和保护生物多样性中具有的重要现实意义。     

Unpacking Cultural Variations in Peak-Experiences: Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Early Childhood Recollection Between Hong Kong and Brazil

In this cross-cultural study, 115 Hong Kong Chinese and 117 Brazilian college students described a childhood peak-experience (occurring before the age of 14) and provided a self-rating on its enduring impact. Among various categories of peak-experiences, both Hong Kong Chinese and Brazilians reported interpersonal joy most frequently; the second most frequently reported category was external achievement for the Hong Kong sample and developmental landmark for the Brazilian sample. Compared with Brazilians’ narratives, those of Hong Kong Chinese were more social-focused, involving greater number of other people, but less specific. These characteristics of autobiographical memory, i.e., memory focus (self vs. social), memory specificity (specific vs. general), and the number of other people involved, significantly mediated the relation between culture and interpersonal joy. The present findings have extended research on peak-experiences to cross-cultural contexts and incorporated measures of autobiographical memory to unpack cultural variations in these two collectivist societies.     

防御性医疗行为的分类探讨

医患矛盾加剧的今天,医疗纠纷逐年增加,为了避免医疗纠纷,医生采取防御性医疗行为也不断随之增多.防御性医疗行为的存在是否具有合理性,成为探讨的焦点和难点.本文通过对防御性医疗行为的分类标准和分类类型进行探讨,希望对其合理与否的论证提供重要参考,且希望通过对它的分类更好的为其行使原则及后果的责任研究作下一步铺垫.     

Profiling Perceptual Learning Styles of Chinese as a Second Language Learners in University Settings

This study revisited Reid’s (1987) perceptual learning style preference questionnaire (PLSPQ) in an attempt to answer whether the PLSPQ fits in the Chinese-as-a-second-language (CSL) context. If not, what are CSL learners’ learning styles drawing on the PLSPQ? The PLSPQ was first re-examined through reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with 224 CSL learners. The results showed that Reid’s six-factor PLSPQ could not satisfactorily explain the CSL learners’ learning styles. Exploratory factor analyses were, therefore, performed to explore the dimensionality of the PLSPQ in the CSL context. A four-factor PLSPQ was successfully constructed including auditory/visual, kinaesthetic/tactile, group, and individual styles. Such a measurement model was cross-validated through CFAs with 118 CSL learners. The study not only lends evidence to the literature that Reid’s PLSPQ lacks construct validity, but also provides CSL teachers and learners with insightful and practical guidance concerning learning styles. Implications and limitations of the present study are discussed.     

Invariance in the MMPI's component structure

Bernstein and Garbin (1985b) suggested that the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory's major clinical scales (excluding Scales ? and 5) can be approximated by an oblique three-component structure: (a) Profile Elevation, (b) Test-taking Attitudes, and (c) Optimism-Pessimism, collectively termed the salient weight model. In this study, we found that both this model and the MMPI's principal component structure remain invariant across race, sex, and, as previously noted, context of testing (job applicants vs. inmates in correctional institutions). We further noted that several alternative definitions of Profile Elevation provide equally satisfactory representation of the relations among the scales. This factor invariance is necessary, but not sufficient, for the MMPI to be viewed as unbiased.     

影响常用汉字认知速度的因素：低频冲突字、联绵词尾字和高频多音字的认和特点

以汉族大学生为被试对低频冲突字、联绵词尾字和高频多音字的认知特性进行了探索。结果发现：主要部件读音与整字读音相冲突的低频字命名反应中具有延时效应（即命名反应时延长或反应错误率升高）;对联绵词尾字和多音字的命名反应同样出现延时效应。研究支持汉字认知的多因素影响论。     

中国考试文化的古今嬗变与镜鉴

中国考试文化生态因社会环境、经济土壤、社会结构和国际环境影响而形成从保守封闭性向包容开放性转变的特征.本文从三个层面考察中国考试文化的当代嬗变:考试观念文化从单一的政治情结向综合人文素质嬗变,考试制度文化从僵化到创新嬗变,考试行为文化则从场所、教学行为、主体、应试行为和实践行为考察.通过合理挖掘中国传统考试文化中的道德诉求与和谐理念,力求凝练出一种具有深厚文化内涵和现代竞争意识的考试文化.     

剖析医患信息不对称及其对策

以信息不对称作为研究医患关系的切入点,运用信息公平论的原理研究信息不对称下的医患关系,通过分析导致医忘关系中信息不对称的原因,从构建和谐医患关系的视角,提出了基于信息公平的医患关系的具体措施,这对于改善医患关系、构建和谐社会都有着极其重要的理论及现实意义.     

Parental Involvement in Primary School Education: its Relationship with Children’s Academic Performance and Psychosocial Competence through Engaging Children with School

The benefits of parental involvement in children’s education have been well established but increasing evidence suggests that overparenting may have adverse effects on children. The question of whether excessive parental involvement hinders children’s academic and psychosocial development warrants further investigations. This study examined the associations of parental educational involvement at home and in school with academic performance and psychological health of 507 Chinese Grade 3 schoolchildren in Hong Kong. Parents reported on their level of involvement in children’s schooling and their children’s psychosocial issues. Children were surveyed to determine their school engagement, and their Chinese language and mathematics attainment was assessed. We also explored the underlying mechanism by testing children’s engagement with school as a mediator of the relationships. Our results showed that home-based parental educational involvement was positively associated with children’s language competence and psychosocial wellbeing, and the associations were linked through engaging children with school. However, the benefits reached a plateau at higher level of parental involvement in children’s learning at home. School-based parental involvement had an indirect effect on children’s prosocial behavior through school engagement. These findings highlight the significance of optimal level of parental involvement in children’s education at home for children’s development.