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21.
Prior research has established positive outcomes of health optimism (appraising one's health as good despite poor objective health (OH)) and negative outcomes of health pessimism (appraising health as poor despite good OH), yet little is known about their contributors. We examined the role of psychosocial factors (life event stress, depression, dispositional optimism, perceived social support) in health realism (appraising health in accordance with OH), optimism and pessimism among 489 older men and women. We then accounted for the psychosocial factors when examining multiple health correlates of health realism, optimism and pessimism. Controlling for age, gender and income, regression results indicate that depression and social support were associated with less health optimism, while dispositional optimism was associated with greater health optimism among those in poor OH. Dispositional optimism was associated with less health pessimism and life event stress was associated with greater pessimism among those in good OH. Beyond the effects of the psychosocial factors, structural equation model results indicate that health optimism was positively associated with healthy behaviours and perceived control over one's health; health pessimism was associated with poorer perceived health care management. Health optimism and pessimism have different psychosocial contributors and health correlates, validating the health congruence approach to later life well-being, health and survival. 相似文献
22.
Stereotypic beliefs about older adults and the aging process have led to endorsement of the myth that 'to be old is to be ill.' This study examined community-dwelling older adults' (N?=?105, age 80+) beliefs about the causes of their chronic illness (ie, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, etc.), and tested the hypothesis that attributing the onset of illness to 'old age' is associated with negative health outcomes. A series of multiple regressions (controlling for chronological age, gender, income, severity of chronic conditions, functional status and health locus of control) demonstrated that 'old age' attributions were associated with more frequent perceived health symptoms, poorer health maintenance behaviours and a greater likelihood of mortality at 2-year follow-up. The probability of death was more than double among participants who strongly endorsed the 'old age' attribution as compared to those who did not (36% vs. 14%). Findings are framed in the context of self-directed stereotypes and implications for potential interventions are considered. 相似文献
23.
Perceived control and emotions: interactive effects on performance in achievement settings 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Joelle C. Ruthig Raymond P. Perry Steven Hladkyj Nathan C. Hall Reinhard Pekrun Judith G. Chipperfield 《Social Psychology of Education》2008,11(2):161-180
Individual differences in cognitions and emotions play a critical role in difficult academic situations, such as the transition
into college, a period infused with uncertainty. Perceived academic control (low vs. high) and emotions (course boredom, anxiety,
and enjoyment) were examined to determine how they jointly predicted 620 first-year students’ achievement and attrition over
an entire academic year. It was expected that students’ emotions would moderate the effects of high perceived control on achievement
(final psychology grade, cumulative GPA) and attrition (overall course credits dropped). Regression results revealed several
Perceived Control × Emotion interactions that supported this moderation hypothesis: negative emotions impeded the benefits
of high control (i.e., boredom and anxiety predicted worse performance in high-control students); positive emotions enhanced
the benefits of high control (i.e., enjoyment predicted better performance in high-control students). Conversely, achievement
emotions did not predict performance among low-control students. Together, these findings indicate that for a high level of
perceived control to enhance students’ academic achievement and inhibit attrition, “adaptive” levels of emotions (lower boredom,
lower anxiety, or higher enjoyment) are required. Implications for maximizing academic success among both low- and high-control
students are discussed.
相似文献
Joelle C. RuthigEmail: |
24.
Parker Patti C. Perry Raymond P. Chipperfield Judith G. Hamm Jeremy M. Daniels Lia M. Dryden Robert P. 《Social Psychology of Education》2022,25(5):1031-1049
Social Psychology of Education - Research suggests that when dealing with personal setbacks, secondary control (SC) adjustment and acceptance beliefs can foster psychological wellbeing. However,... 相似文献
25.
Social comparison can be used strategically to bolster the self-concept. Such use may constitute secondary striving for control, when primary striving through action is unattainable. On the basis of the life span theory of control, the authors hypothesized and found that social comparison judgments would predict physical health outcomes among older adults with low primary control perceptions in the health domain. Only among such respondents, after age, sex, activities of daily living, chronic conditions, and prior hospitalization were adjusted for, did more positive social comparison judgments predict significantly lower odds of hospitalization and death over the next 2--6 years as reported in provincial health records. In later life, optimistic social comparisons may contribute to better health by providing secondary control. 相似文献