Alessandra Geraci  Silvia Benavides-Varela  Chiara Nascimben  Francesca Simion  Elisa Di Giorgio 《Aggressive behavior》2024,50(5):e22174

Recent theories of socio-moral development assume that humans evolved a capacity to evaluate others' social actions in different kinds of interactions. Prior infant studies found both reaching and visual preferences for the prosocial over the antisocial agents. However, whether the attribution of either positive or negative valence to agents' actions involved in an aggressive chasing interaction can be inferred by both reaching behaviors and visual attention deployment (i.e., disengagement of visual attention) is still an open question. Here we presented 7-month-old infants (N = 92) with events displaying an aggressive chasing interaction. By using preferential reaching and an attentional task (i.e., overlap paradigm), we assessed whether and how infants evaluate aggressive chasing interactions. The results demonstrated that young infants prefer to reach the victim over the aggressor, but neither agent affects visual attention. Moreover, such reaching preferences emerged only when dynamic cues and emotional face-like features were congruent with agents' social roles. Overall, these findings suggested that infants' evaluations of aggressive interactions are based on infants' sensitivity to some kinematic cues that characterized agents' actions and, especially, to the congruency between such motions and the face-like emotional expressions of the agents.  相似文献   

    

Chiara Suttora  Nicoletta Salerni  Elena Selvagno  Matteo Porro  Silvana Gangi  Chiara Squarza  Laura Gardon  Odoardo Picciolini 《Infant mental health journal》2021,42(1):35-46

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Noga Tsur  Chiara S. Haller 《Family process》2020,59(2):666-680

Severe Traumatic brain injury (sTBI) often instigates widespread long-lasting disability and is accompanied by extensive rehabilitation. Unsurprisingly, sTBI also holds malignant consequences for patients’ close relatives. The burden caused by the injury and its severity explains some of the ramifications for the relatives. Additionally, some findings demonstrate that patients with sTBI and their relatives develop posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. However, although the link between PTS symptoms and physical and mental health is well-documented in literature, the effect of PTS symptoms on relatives of patients with sTBI has barely been examined. This study examines the influence of PTS symptoms of patients with sTBI and their relatives on the physical and mental health and functioning of the relatives. Patients who sustained a severe sTBI (Abbreviated Injury Scale of the head region > 3) and close relatives were included in a multi-center, prospective cohort study (TRAST-MI). One-hundred patients and their relatives were assessed at 2, 6, and 12 months post injury. Outcome variables included health-related quality of life (SF-12) as well as emotional, cognitive, interpersonal, and total functioning (PCRS). Relatives’ physical health was predicted by relatives’ PTS symptoms (Slope=−1.76; p = .043), and mental health was predicted by both patients’ (Slope=−2.77; p = .034) and relatives’ (Slope=−6.59; p < .001) PTS symptoms. Functioning level was only predicted by patients’ PTS symptoms (Slope=−.25; p_<.001). The findings emphasize that TBI should be considered a comprehensive traumatic experience reaching further than mere physical damage to the brain and its direct consequences, affecting the injured individual and close relatives.  相似文献   

    

Maria Francesca Marino  Marco Alfò 《Multivariate behavioral research》2020,55(5):647-663

Abstract

Drop out is a typical issue in longitudinal studies. When the missingness is non-ignorable, inference based on the observed data only may be biased. This paper is motivated by the Leiden 85+ study, a longitudinal study conducted to analyze the dynamics of cognitive functioning in the elderly. We account for dependence between longitudinal responses from the same subject using time-varying random effects associated with a heterogeneous hidden Markov chain. As several participants in the study drop out prematurely, we introduce a further random effect model to describe the missing data mechanism. The potential dependence between the random effects in the two equations (and, therefore, between the two processes) is introduced through a joint distribution specified via a latent structure approach. The application of the proposal to data from the Leiden 85+ study shows its effectiveness in modeling heterogeneous longitudinal patterns, possibly influenced by the missing data process. Results from a sensitivity analysis show the robustness of the estimates with respect to misspecification of the missing data mechanism. A simulation study provides evidence for the reliability of the inferential conclusions drawn from the analysis of the Leiden 85+ data.  相似文献   

    

Sara Molgora  Chiara Acquati  Valentina Fenaroli  Emanuela Saita 《International journal of psychology》2019,54(2):277-285

Although the transition to parenthood is currently defined as a normative event, it can be potentially stressful for the couple relationship as it may contribute to psychological distress and reduced marital satisfaction. Using the systemic‐transactional conceptualisation of stress and coping as a theoretical framework, we claimed that the ability of the parents‐to‐be to adjust to their new roles and identity is influenced by dyadic coping strategies. This study examined the effects of dyadic coping on marital adjustment in a sample of 78 primiparous couples. Women and partners completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Dyadic Coping Questionnaire during late pregnancy. Data were analysed using the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model. Results revealed that both women and partners' scores on positive dyadic coping behaviours contributed to higher marital adjustment, suggesting that risks for marital dissatisfaction may exist for couples not able to implement adaptive dyadic coping strategies, or for those unsatisfied with the implemented coping behaviours.  相似文献   

    

Anna Maria Chilosi  Sara Bulgheroni  Marco Turi  Paola Cristofani  Laura Biagi  Alessandra Erbetta  Daria Riva  Anna Nigri  Luigi Caputi  Nicola Giannini  Simona Fiori  Chiara Pecini  Francesca Perego  Michela Tosetti  Paola Cipriani  Giovanni Cioni 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2019,13(1):46-66

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What happened first? Working memory and negative emotion tell you better: evidence from a temporal binding task     

Chiara Mirandola  Enrico Toffalini 《Cognition & emotion》2018,32(3):666-673

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Chiara D'angelo  Caterina Gozzoli  Diletta Gazzaroli  Davide Mezzanotte 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2018,74(6):360-378

In view of the deep crisis affecting Italian prisons and the urgent need to review the sense and meaning of this institution, initiatives promoting innovative custodial and rehab practices are increasing. Our study refers to one of the most advanced Italian prisons as far as prisoners' rehabilitation and re-education are concerned, with activities such as open cells, prisoners' self-organization of recreational–cultural activities, promotion of cooperative working activities both inside and outside the prison, in order to study if and how this detention culture change has caused organizational transformations which affect the professional well-being of operators who manage inmates in penal institutions. A qualitative study involving 15 correctional officers working in the three most critical departments of the building that host the so called “protected” prisoners (long-lasting sentences, drug addicts, and sex offenders) investigates the subjects' experiences and representations of their role and organizational life aspects indicating their professional well-being.  相似文献   

    

Caterina Gozzoli  Chiara D’Angelo  Giancarlo Tamanza 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2018,74(6):426-449

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Derek Richards  Mairéad Dowling  Emma O'Brien  Noemi Viganò  Ladislav Timulak 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2018,18(1):35-48

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