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171.
Chiara Pazzagli Alessandro Germani Livia Buratta Patrick Luyten Claudia Mazzeschi 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2019,19(3):209-217
Background/ObjectiveIn recent decades, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased, with the major implications for public health. However, the factors that contribute to obesity in children are still poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role of parental reflective functioning (PRF) in childhood obesity.MethodIn a cross-sectional design, 120 sets of parents of 60 children (n = 30 with obesity, age range 6–11) were recruited by local paediatricians. Parents completed the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. Children's and parents’ weight (assessed by BMI), as well as their socio-economic status (SES), were assessed to explore the contribution of PRF in the prediction of children's weight, controlling for parents’ weight and SES.Resultst-test showed significant differences with medium effect sizes in BMI, SES and PRF between parents of children with and without obesity. The best model resulted from hierarchical multiple regression analyses and showed that mothers’ PRF predicted children's BMI above and beyond the prediction by parents’ BMI and SES.ConclusionsLow maternal PRF could be an important target for intervention strategies, highlighting the need to consider parental responses to children's emotions in the treatment of childhood obesity, particularly in parents with low SES and high BMI. 相似文献
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Sara Molgora Chiara Acquati Valentina Fenaroli Emanuela Saita 《International journal of psychology》2019,54(2):277-285
Although the transition to parenthood is currently defined as a normative event, it can be potentially stressful for the couple relationship as it may contribute to psychological distress and reduced marital satisfaction. Using the systemic‐transactional conceptualisation of stress and coping as a theoretical framework, we claimed that the ability of the parents‐to‐be to adjust to their new roles and identity is influenced by dyadic coping strategies. This study examined the effects of dyadic coping on marital adjustment in a sample of 78 primiparous couples. Women and partners completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Dyadic Coping Questionnaire during late pregnancy. Data were analysed using the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model. Results revealed that both women and partners' scores on positive dyadic coping behaviours contributed to higher marital adjustment, suggesting that risks for marital dissatisfaction may exist for couples not able to implement adaptive dyadic coping strategies, or for those unsatisfied with the implemented coping behaviours. 相似文献
174.
This study examined newborns' face preference using images of natural and scrambled faces in which the location of the inner features was distorted. The results demonstrate that newborns' face preference is not confined to schematic configurations, but can be obtained also with veridical faces. Moreover, this phenomenon is not produced by a specific bias toward the face geometry, but derives from a domain-general bias toward configurations with more elements in the upper than in the lower half (i.e., top-heavy patterns). These results suggest that it may be unnecessary to assume the existence of a prewired tendency to orient toward the face geometry, and support the idea that faces do not possess a special status in newborns' visual world. 相似文献
175.
This paper reports a study that was aimed to rehabilitate executive functions in closed head injury (CHI) and anterior communicating
artery (ACoA) aneurysm patients. The groups tested comprised 10 CHI patients, 9 ACoA aneurysm patients and 19 controls. We
employed a dual-task paradigm that is known to tap the ability to co-ordinate two actions. The treatment consisted of five
experimental sessions, in which the dual-task paradigm was used. In the CHI study, the dual-task cost was measured before
the treatment (assessment), immediately after the treatment (retest), and 3 months after the treatment (follow-up). In the
ACoA aneurysm study, the dual-task cost was also assessed 12 months after the treatment. A significant reduction of the dual-task
cost from assessment to retest was found. This reduction remained stable in the follow-up sessions. The results are discussed
with reference to the absence of spontaneous recovery of this specific executive function and to the possibility that the
beneficial effect of the treatment generalises to other executive functions and/or daily living activities.
Received: 31 March 1999 / Accepted: 23 July 1999 相似文献
176.
Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Glick P Lameiras M Fiske ST Eckes T Masser B Volpato C Manganelli AM Pek JC Huang LL Sakalli-Ugurlu N Rodríguez Castro Y Pereira ML Willemsen TM Brunner A Six-Materna I Wells R Glick P 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2004,86(5):713-728
A 16-nation study involving 8,360 participants revealed that hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men, assessed by the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1999), were (a) reliably measured across cultures, (b) positively correlated (for men and women, within samples and across nations) with each other and with hostile and benevolent sexism toward women (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1996), and (c) negatively correlated with gender equality in cross-national comparisons. Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having less positively valenced but more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile as well as benevolent attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance. 相似文献
177.
Vescovelli Francesca Minotti Sara Ruini Chiara 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2021,28(2):267-278
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - Post-traumatic growth (PTG) may favor the psychological adaptation to chronic illnesses. However, few studies investigated PTG in... 相似文献
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180.
Zaira Cattaneo Carlotta Lega Luca Rinaldi Micaela Fantino Chiara Ferrari Lotfi B. Merabet Tomaso Vecchi 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2018,80(4):813-821
Converging evidence suggests that the perception of auditory pitch exhibits a characteristic spatial organization. This pitch–space association can be demonstrated experimentally by the Spatial Musical Association of Response Codes (SMARC) effect. This is characterized by faster response times when a low-positioned key is pressed in response to a low-pitched tone, and a high-positioned key is pressed in response to a high-pitched tone. To investigate whether the development of this pitch–space association is mediated by normal visual experience, we tested a group of early blind individuals on a task that required them to discriminate the timbre of different instrument sounds with varying pitch. Results revealed a comparable pattern in the SMARC effect in both blind participants and sighted controls, suggesting that the lack of prior visual experience does not prevent the development of an association between pitch height and vertical space. 相似文献