高中生化学问题解决思维过程口语报告编码分析

将高中生化学问题解决思维过程口语报告分为相应的10个行为指标进行人工编码和定量分析。被试是56名高中生,材料为6个中等难度的化学问题,通过“出声思考”实验,记录口语报告,并对口语报告进行编码和数据统计分析,结果发现:(1)高中优生的重复、解释、推理、归纳、总结等行为指标上明显优于中等生;(2)在解决不同类型的化学问题时,重复、设问、推理、归纳和反思等指标存在明显差异;(3)学生能力层次与问题类别在重复、推理、归纳和试误等行为指标上存在明显交互作用。     

专家和新手不确定决策认知过程的比较研究

本研究将风险投资决策作为不确定决策任务,采用专家-新手比较研究范型,通过出声思维法和访谈法,探讨了专家和新手不确定决策认知过程的差异。研究发现,这种差异体现在专家和新手所拥有的关于决策任务的认识和观念、决策信息选择、推理过程和决策策略等方面。     

空间信息表征对语义相关判断的影响

探讨空间信息对语义相关判断的影响。实验材料是具有内在纵向空间关系的词对,纵向呈现在计算机屏幕上,呈现顺序与指代物的空间位置次序一致或不一致,要求被试对词对进行语义相关判断。综合2个实验的结果表明,语义相关判断任务中被试会自动激活指代物的空间信息,并且其对空间信息的表征是知觉符号表征,而非表象表征。研究结果进一步支持了知觉符号理论。     

大学生社会行为、成就动机与网络成瘾倾向的关系研究——以武汉市5所高校为例

运用问卷调查法探讨大学生的社会行为、成就动机与网络成瘾倾向的关系。对299位大学生的调查结果表明:(1)追求成功动机、避免失败动机和社交能力对大学生网络成瘾倾向有直接影响;(2)成就动机还通过社交能力间接影响网络成瘾倾向。     

Paranormal beliefs and religiosity: Chinese version of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale

This paper reports an initial study investigating the relations of paranormal beliefs with religiosity in a Chinese sample, as well as the development of a Chinese version of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale and a test of its psychometric properties with 310 college students (5.5% Christians, 21.3% Buddhists, 61% believers in traditional Chinese religions, and 12% atheists). The reliability and validity of the Chinese version were satisfactory. In general, traditional Chinese religious believers had higher scores on paranormal belief than did Christians and atheists, and the mean total score of the Chinese participants was higher than previously reported in a Western sample. It was concluded that the greater involvement of practitioners of traditional Chinese religions in activities emphasizing paranormal experiences might contribute to their greater paranormal belief, especially as compared to the minority Christian group. The results are consistent with the idea that Christianity may offer the least support for paranormal belief.     

The Expanded Version of the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire: Further Development and Validation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples

The current study represents the further development and validation of an expanded version of the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV) in non-clinical and clinical samples. Inferential confusion seems to be particularly relevant to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and is defined as a failure to recognize the unrealistic nature of obsessions due to a subjective form of reasoning. Factor analysis of the item-set of the ICQ-EV indicated a one-dimensional solution in non-clinical and clinical samples. It was hypothesized that inferential confusion as measured by the ICQ-EV would be particularly relevant to participants with OCD. Results confirmed convergent validity with strong relationships between the ICQ-EV and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in all samples independent of other cognitive domains and general distress. In addition, those with OCD scored higher on the ICQ-EV than non-clinical controls and a mixed anxiety disorder group so confirming group-criterion validity. Finally, the ICQ-EV also showed clinical validity with change in ICQ-EV scores during treatment significantly related to successful treatment outcome.     

Abusive supervision and subordinate supervisor‐directed deviance: The moderating role of traditional values and the mediating role of revenge cognitions

This study examined the link between abusive supervision and subordinate supervisor‐directed deviance by focusing on the moderating role of traditionality and the mediating role of revenge cognitions directed towards supervisors. The results of analysing 283 supervisor–subordinate dyads in six private electronic companies and 222 supervisor–subordinate dyads in two state‐owned oil and gas companies in the People's Republic of China showed that abusive supervision was positively related to revenge cognitions directed towards supervisors and to supervisor‐directed deviance. In addition, traditionality moderated the above relationships such that they were stronger among low traditionalists than among high ones, while revenge cognitions mediated the main effect of abusive supervision and the interactive effect of abusive supervision and traditionality on supervisor‐directed deviance.     

论阿奎那创世形而上学的三个层面

阿奎那在形而上学基础上建构创世信仰,确立创世形而上学体系。此体系包含三个层面:上帝是世界的第一原则,其本质与存在同一,即纯粹的现实活动;创造作为上帝的本质体现和神圣活动就是存在的给予;世界万物,既绝对受造于上帝,又自有其分有之在,表现为存在论上的依存性和自在性。阿奎那的创世形而上学正是对《圣经》"起初,上帝创造天地"信仰告白的哲学表达,代表了新的神学范式。     

论公民美德

In accordance with the basic characteristics of civic virtues'political and public nature,this essay holds that civic virtues such as sense of justice,civility,tolerance,patriotism and public participation are essential to a modern democratic society. Sense of justice is the border of citizens'free movement; civility reflects citizens'attitudes,moderation and elegance are used to deal with strangers in public life; tolerance is a way of existence that citizens have in the face of the diversity resulted from...     

Children’s Psychosocial Problems Presenting in a Family Medicine Practice

Primary care physicians have an important role in identifying, treating, and referring children with psychosocial problems. However, there is a limited literature describing whether and how family physicians address psychosocial problems and why parents may not discuss children’s problems with physicians. The current study examined how family physicians address psychosocial problems and reasons that parents do not discuss children’s psychosocial problems with physicians. Results indicated that there are a variety of reasons involving parents, their perceptions of physicians, and the number of psychosocial problems reported, that may lead to fewer discussions of psychosocial problems.