礼仪中的鲜花——试析佛教建筑中的花卉母题

在中、印很多古代石窟或寺院建筑的屋顶、立柱等部位,经常会看到很多花卉图案,笔者认为它与佛教的一项重要礼仪,即散花供养密切相关。本文从经典出发,阐明散花供养在佛教中的重要作用,并结合中、印石窟建筑以及斯里兰卡地面寺院建筑的具体实例,探讨散花礼仪在建筑中的体现及其功能。     

Risk-Taking and Creativity: Convergent,but Not Divergent Thinking Is Better in Low-Risk Takers

The relationship between risk-taking and creativity is critical to understanding social harmony and innovation. Although some studies have assessed the link between risk-taking and divergent thinking, the association between risk-taking and convergent thinking remains unclear. Two studies were conducted to systemically investigate whether risk-taking is linked to convergent thinking. In Study 1, a sample of 127 healthy participants performed a Chinese remote associate test (RAT) and completed a risk-taking questionnaire. As predicted, risk-taking was negatively correlated with RAT performance, implying that risk-taking has a negative association with convergent thinking. Study 2 was an online survey study that replicated Study 1 and extended the measures to include self-rated risk and a measure of divergent thinking (the alternate uses task). The findings were fully replicated, showing that low risk-taking goes with better convergent thinking and risk-taking was not significantly correlated with divergent thinking. Furthermore, the risk-taking/convergent-thinking relationship was best described by a linear regression model in both studies. Taken together, these results suggest that appropriate reductions in risk-taking can boost convergent thinking.     

Vocabulary growth rate from preschool to school‐age years is reflected in the connectivity of the arcuate fasciculus in 14‐year‐old children

The acquisition of language involves the functional specialization of several cortical regions. Connectivity between these brain regions may also change with the development of language. Various studies have demonstrated that the arcuate fasciculus was essential for language function. Vocabulary learning is one of the most important skills in language acquisition. In the present longitudinal study, we explored the influence of vocabulary development on the anatomical properties of the arcuate fasciculus. Seventy‐nine Chinese children participated in this study. Between age 4 and age 10, they were administered the same vocabulary task repeatedly. Following a previous study, children's vocabulary developmental trajectories were clustered into three subgroups (consistently good, catch‐up, consistently poor). At age 14, diffusion tensor imaging data were collected. Using ROI‐based tractography, the anterior, posterior and direct segments of the bilateral arcuate fasciculus were delineated in each child's native space. Group comparisons showed a significantly reduced fractional anisotropy in the left arcuate fasciculus of children in the consistently poor group, in particular in the posterior and direct segments of the arcuate fasciculus. No group differences were observed in the right hemisphere, nor in the left anterior segment. Further regression analyses showed that the rate of vocabulary development, rather than the initial vocabulary size, was a specific predictor of the left arcuate fasciculus connectivity.     

The role of the oath in credibility assessment

Based on the adaptive lie detector theory, this study is an examination of whether taking an oath, as context‐general information, increases the credibility of a suspect. The consistency of the testimonies of 6 eyewitnesses was manipulated so that it could be used as individuating information. There were 2 sets of testimonies: one that was consistent and one that was inconsistent. The results supported the adaptive lie detector theory. The participants judged those persons who took an oath to be more credible than those who did not, but this only happened in situations where the testimonies of the eyewitnesses were inconsistent. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings and future directions are then discussed.     

学龄早期词语阅读习得对阅读理解能力的预测作用：初始水平和发展速率的贡献

本研究测查了183名儿童在一年级期间（学年初,学年中,学年末）的词语阅读能力（词语解码,阅读流畅性）及一年级末和二年级末的阅读理解能力,采用分层线性模型估计每名儿童在一年级期间词语阅读能力的初始水平和发展速率,以考察二者对阅读理解能力的独立预测作用。结果表明,词语识别的初始水平和增长速率都能独立预测一年级末和二年级末的阅读理解能力,阅读流畅性的初始水平和增长速率只能独立预测二年级末的阅读理解能力,但可以预测阅读理解能力在一年级到二年级的增长。     

进化与伦理中的后达尔文式康德主义

一、背景与问题近年来,进化伦理学成为伦理学研究中的重要流派之一。菲茨帕特里克(William J.FitzPatrick)在《斯坦福哲学百科全书》中,给出了进化伦理学的三种主要进路:描述式进化伦理学:诉诸进化论来科学说明人类的特定能力、倾向     

体外循环所致炎性肺损伤机制及保护进展

肺损伤是体外循环心内直视手术的主要并发症之一.肺损伤的机制十分复杂,主要是全身炎性反应和缺血/再灌注损伤所致.肺保护的方法多种多样,其目的是降低全身炎性反应,减轻或避免缺血/再灌注损伤.本文探讨体外循环肺损伤的机制和保护进展.     

西美尔关于现代宗教形而上学重建的构想——从外在的超验对象到内在的生命品性

在"生命"反抗"形式"的现代性文化境遇下,传统宗教也发生了现代转化,即宗教信仰成为宗教生命冲动的表达,这既使"宗教"由外在建构走向活生生的内在的"宗教性"生存,也面临着失去确定的形而上学目标的现代性困境。走出这一困境只能通过一条内在的精神的途径,就是将"灵魂的宗教性存在本身"视为"形而上学的价值",由此跳出主体需要和客体对象之间的二元对立,故而,确立起灵魂存在的形而上学宗教性的自觉意识和内在信仰是宗教现代性重建的关键。     

靶向药物不良反应的认识与思考

新的靶向药物出现提高了抗癌疗效,降低了毒性,使转移性恶性肿瘤患者从治疗中获益。靶向药物耐受性好,通常出现轻微或中度的毒副反应。尽管大多数不良反应是可以得到迅速处理的,但是严重的甚至危及生命的不良反应仍能够发生。因此,为更好地指导临床实践工作,该文综述了实体瘤治疗中常用靶向药物的主要不良反应和安全数据,并按照药物的作用靶...