Using intraverbal prompts to increase divergent intraverbal responses by a child with autism

We examined the effectiveness of intraverbal prompts to increase the number of divergent responses to categorical questions composed of compound stimuli (e.g., Name some red things) for a 6‐year‐old child with autism. The intraverbal prompts involved providing the function, feature, and class of the target responses. A multiple probe across behaviors design was used. Results indicated that the child's total number of divergent responses was increased and maintained during 2‐week follow‐up probe trials. Novel responses were observed across conditions.     

Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II for Taiwanese College Students and Elite Athletes

The aim of this study was to validate the Taiwanese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) using a population that consisted of college students and athletes. The authors conducted three independent studies to examine the psychometric properties of the AAQ-II. Study 1 examined the validity of the AAQ-II in a sample of undergraduate students. Study 2 examined the group invariance of the AAQ-II between undergraduate students and athletes. Study 3 examined nomological validity by testing the mediating role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between perceived autonomy support and well?/ill-being indicators. Overall, the results of the confirmatory factor analyses conducted in Study 1 demonstrated the existence of a unidimensional AAQ-II. AAQ-II was positively correlated with depression. The internal consistency of the scale was 0.81. In Study 2, factorial invariance of the AAQ-II was demonstrated across undergraduate students and adolescent athletes. Study 3 showed that perceived autonomy support was related to both depression and negative emotion through experiential avoidance. However, experiential avoidance did not mediate the relationship between perceived autonomy support and positive emotion and life satisfaction. In summary, this study provided preliminary evidence to support the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II and opened a new avenue for cross-cultural researchers.     

Women,Human Rights,and Counseling: Crossing International Boundaries

As the world becomes more globalized, psychological and counseling issues have become more pronounced. As social justice issues become illuminated on a global scale, there is increased attention to women as identified victims of social injustices and human rights violations. This article examines the role of professional counselors working with women from an international perspective with the intention to heighten awareness and understanding of the interrelationship of global women's issues and effective counseling interventions.     

角色目标对空间维度非线索更新的影响

采用实时窗口阅读技术,探讨文本阅读中角色目标在情境模型空间维度非线索更新中的作用。实验一结果表明,阅读中。如果文本叙述中的角色在一个目标指引下展开活动．那么可以促进相应空间设置内的物体的更新。实验二考察了不同性质的角色目标在空问信息加工中的作用,结果发现,相对于已经达成的目标,未达成的目标对情境模型空间维度非线索更新的影响更大。     

Behavior Ratings and Observations of Externalizing Symptoms in Girls: The Role of Child Popularity with Adults

This study examined staff ratings and live observations of externalizing behavior in 149 girls with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who participated in all-female naturalistic research camps. Girls' popularity with adult camp staff was hypothesized to explain discrepancies between ratings and observations. Compared to behavior observations, staff ratings overestimated the externalizing behavior of girls who were disliked by staff. In contrast, ratings and observations were consistent for girls who were liked by staff. Among girls who were disliked by staff, unpopularity with peers predicted a larger discrepancy between staff ratings and observations, but peer status made little difference in rating–observation discrepancies of girls liked by staff. All results held after controlling for the participants' ADHD versus comparison status. Results suggest that staff ratings may be biased by personal feelings about children and that direct observations may be more immune to such bias.     

The association between infants' self-regulatory behavior and MAOA gene polymorphism

Self-regulatory behavior in early childhood is an important characteristic that has considerable implications for the development of adaptive and maladaptive functioning. The present study investigated the relations between a functional polymorphism in the upstream region of monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) and self-regulatory behavior in a sample of Chinese infants at 6 months of age. Self-regulation was assessed by observing infants' behavior of orienting visual attention away from a threatening event in the laboratory situation. The results indicated that regulatory behavior was associated with the functional MAOA gene polymorphism in girls, but not boys. Girls with 4/4 genotypes displayed significantly higher regulation than girls with 3/3 and 3/4 genotypes. The present study provided evidence for gender differences on the role of MAOA gene polymorphism in socioemotional functioning in the early years.     

声旁与笔画省略方式对形声字识别的影响

本研究通过两个实验,考察笔画省略方式和声旁对形声字识别的影响。实验一采用命名任务考察了声旁和三种笔画省略方式（省前、略后、不省）对左右结构形声字识别的影响。结果表明存在笔画顺序效应和声旁位置效应,并发现略后的笔画中有声旁,笔画顺序效应会消失。这说明声旁的作用抵消了笔画顺序效应,体现了声旁在形声字识别中的重要作用;实验二在实验一的基础上,采用上下结构的形声字,实验结果表现出了相同的趋势,且更加显著。     

成败反馈对大学生核心自我评价的影响：任务重要性、外向性的调节作用

该研究以247名大学生为被试,采用2（反馈类型：成功、失败）×2（任务重要性：重要任务、不重要任务）×2（外向性：内向、外向）组间设计探讨成败反馈对大学生核心自我评价的影响,以及任务重要性和外向性在其中的调节作用。结果表明：（1）反馈类型、任务重要性和外向性对核心自我评价变化的主效应及三者的交互作用效应均显著。（2）成败反馈与任务重要性对核心自我评价变化存在显著的交互作用;简单效应分析表明,在失败反馈条件下,执行重要任务被试核心自我评价的下降幅度显著大于执行不重要任务被试核心自我评价的下降幅度。（3）成败反馈与外向性对核心自我评价变化存在显著的交互作用;简单效应分析显示,在失败反馈条件下,外向被试核心自我评价的下降幅度显著小于内向被试。（4）在失败反馈条件下,任务重要性和外向性对核心自我评价的变化存在交互作用。     

试论理论心理学及其应用价值

理论心理学是近20年来涌现出的新学科。这是一门以理论思维方法对心理学的基本问题和规律进行探索的科学,已逐渐汇成为心理学各分支学科的理论基础。理论心理学在心理学中的地位,就应像理论物理学、理论化学在物理学和化学中一样,是心理学的学科体系中一个极为重要和不可缺少的组成部分。理论心理学并不是抽象的哲学建构,它也十分关注实践应用问题。当前理论心理学在西方已出现了两种比较成熟的行动应用模式。     

马克思的政治哲学视阈下的《共产党宣言》

重新审视<宣言>的政治哲学思想,意味着在对政治哲学基本概念的分析基础上,能够把握马克思的政治哲学与马克思主义政治哲学之间的关系,并且在存在、建构和超越的逻辑进路下辨明马克思的政治哲学在<宣言>中是通过三个核心范畴的命题而确立的.通过对<宣言>具体内容的抽象,<宣言>在三大范畴性进步的基础上,成功地从本体论、认识论和方法论三个方面体现了马克思的政治哲学的科学性、进步性、前瞻性和先进性.