Occupational stress in clinical nurses

The present study was based on an integrative work stress model proposed by Cooper and his associates (Cooper et al., 1988), which focused on stress perception and outcomes, as well as potential moderating variables such as personality and coping efforts. Specifically, this article examines occupational stress in clinical nurses who worked in various hospitals in southern Taiwan. When compared with Chinese industrial white and blue-collar workers, nurses experienced higher work stress, more physical and mental ill-health, lower job satisfaction, and also made more efforts to cope with work stress. There were also some interesting differences in types of stressors experienced by nurses and industrial workers.     

关于先发情绪体验对后发情绪过程的影响的一项实验

本实验试图探讨是否存在着一种先发体验,它的影响能在随后发生的情绪过程中表现出来。实验得到了肯定的结果。它显示为:(1)先发情绪体验若与后发情绪的性质相接近,则对后者起促进作用;若相反,则起抑制作用,(2)激起后发情绪的反应时(RT)与所发生情绪的持续时(DE)二者之间有显著的正相关。     

情绪的组织功能——关于情绪对认知操作的影响的几个实验总结

本文就(1)情绪的一般唤醒和具体情绪分化、(2)不同享乐色调情绪状态对认知操作的作用、(3)怒情绪的作用、(4)作为情绪的兴趣的作用、(5)情绪以体验形式起作用等五个问题,在总结情绪与认知操作的系列实验基础上,讨论了情绪的组织性功能;认为不同享乐色调的情绪对认知操作起着性质不同的组织作用或瓦解作用。     

变革型领导风格的实证研究

以72家企业的193名管理者为被试,通过多来源评估法收集数据,采用因素分析、信度分析和回归分析等方法对变革型领导的理论结构及其与领导有效性的关系进行了深入研究。结果表明,变革型领导具有二阶单因素结构。即四个独立子因素为领导魅力、感召力、智力激发和个性化关怀,这些子因素归属于一个单一二阶因素;研究所使用的《变革型领导问卷》具有良好的构想效度和信度,适用于中国文化;变革型领导及其子维度对领导有效性有一定的预测力。     

求真与致善——荀子正名理论新探

荀子的正名理论不仅接续孔子的正名传统,也有对诸子之学的扬弃,在正名理论中荀子借鉴了名家、墨家的理论,丽他们也是萄子批评最多的。荀子的正名理论主要体现在《正名》篇中。其中他讨论了名的分类、名的作用、制名的原则等,并对“三惑”等不正之名进行了批判。他认为名的主要作用在于“明贵贱”与“辨同异”,“贵贱”关乎价值,“同异”关乎事实,萄子就通过名联接了事实与价值。“辨同异”在乎求“真”,“明贵贱”在乎求“善”,而荀子又认为“明贵贱”高于“辨同异”,从而把名学引向伦理、政治之域。     

The Joint Moderating Effects of Activated Negative Moods and Group Voice Climate on the Relationship between Power Distance Orientation and Employee Voice Behavior

Employees inherently have concerns about the consequences of speaking up, and this is particularly notable for employees with high power distance orientation (PDO). Drawing on ideas from the dual‐pathway model of mood and social information processing theory, we propose that activated negative mood and group voice climate can synergistically facilitate high‐PDO employees' voice behaviors. Using a sample from 305 real‐estate sales agents in 66 work groups in Taiwan, we examined the joint moderating effects of activated negative mood and group voice climate on employees' two forms of voice behavior. Our results show that PDO had a negative relationship with promotive voice but did not have a significant relationship with prohibitive voice. Nevertheless, our results show that in the situation where both activated negative mood and group voice climate were high, PDO no longer had a negative relationship with promotive voice, and even had a positive relationship with prohibitive voice. The findings of this study provide theoretical insights for the voice literature and offer practical suggestions for facilitating opinion expression in organisations.     

Self-Explanations: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems

The present paper analyzes the self-generated explanations (from talk-aloud protocols) that “Good” and “Poor” students produce while studying worked-out examples of mechanics problems, and their subsequent reliance on examples during problem solving. We find that “Good” students learn with understanding: They generate many explanations which refine and expand the conditions for the action parts of the example solutions, and relate these actions to principles in the text. These self-explanations are guided by accurate monitoring of their own understanding and misunderstanding. Such learning results in example-independent knowledge and in a better understanding of the principles presented in the text. “Poor” students do not generate sufficient self-explanations, monitor their learning inaccurately, and subsequently rely heavily on examples. We then discuss the role of self-explanations in facilitating problem solving, as well as the adequacy of current AI models of explanation-based learning to account for these psychological findings.     

甘精胰岛素注射时段对2型糖尿病患者空腹血糖的影响

比较甘精胰岛素在不同时段注射对2型糖尿病患者空腹血糖的影响。最终选择89例2型糖尿病患者随机分为两组接受甘精胰岛素早餐前（A组,n=46）和夜间睡前（B组,n=43）注射治疗,观察两组患者空腹血糖的变化。结果显示,所有患者使用甘精胰岛素治疗以后,空腹血糖水平较治疗前均有明显下降,具有统计学差异（P均〈0.001）。但B...     

正负性情绪的自主生理反应实验研究

随机抽取２４名大学生（男女各半）观看了两段内容不同的录像片段,对观看录像时的主观体验和心率（ＨＲ）、指端脉搏容积（ＦＰＶ）的变化情况做了研究。结果表明：①实验选用的两段录像分别诱发出了正性和负性情绪．②不同情绪下的自主生理反应是不同的。正性情绪下,ＨＲ变化不显著,ＦＰＶ显著下降;负性情绪下,ＨＲ显著增加,ＦＰＶ显著下降。③不同情绪下的生理反应恢复速度没有差异,但不同生理指标的恢复速度有差异,ＨＲ的恢复速度比ＦＰＶ的快．④正性情绪下,ＨＲ和ＦＰＶ之间的相关很低;负情情绪下。两种生理指标之间里显著的负相关．⑤性别只对生理指标的基础值有影响。