Exploring the Relationships Between Perceived Coworker Loafing and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: The Mediating Role of a Revenge Motive

Purpose  The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between perceived coworker loafing and counterproductive work behaviors toward the organization (CWB-O) and toward the coworkers (CWB-I). Design/Methodology/Approach  Data were collected from 184 supervisor–employee pairs from multiple sources (i.e., self-rated and supervisor-rated). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted to test our hypotheses. Findings  The results of SEM showed that perceived loafing was positively related to CWB-O (self-rated) and CWB-I (self-rated and supervisor-rated). Moreover, a revenge motive toward the organization fully mediated the relationship between perceived loafing and CWB-O, whereas a revenge motive toward coworkers fully mediated the relationship between perceived loafing and CWB-I. Implications  This study advances our understanding as to how and why perceived coworker loafing increases employees’ CWB-I and CWB-O. Our investigation also highlights the important cognitive mediator: revenge motive in the perceived loafing–CWB linkage. Originality/Value  This is one of the first studies which examines the relationships between perceived coworker loafing and two facets of CWB, and investigates a cognitive mediator (i.e., a revenge motive) that underlines the perceived loafing–CWB linkage. In addition, we respond to Bennett and Robinson’s (J Appl Psychol 85:349–360, 2003) call to test the nomological network of CWB in a collectivist culture (i.e., Taiwan).

Job definition discrepancy between supervisors and subordinates: The antecedent role of LMX and outcomes

This study proposed that leader–member exchange (LMX) might encourage an employee to define job breadth close to or beyond the level of his/her supervisor's expectation (enlargement effect), while simultaneously fostering a reduction in supervisor–subordinate definition discrepancy on job content (congruence effect). Using data from 184 subordinate–supervisor dyads in Taiwan, we examined the relationships among LMX, job definition discrepancy, in‐role/extra‐role behaviour, and performance rating. Results showed that LMX was positively related to employee relative job breadth and the supervisor–subordinate congruence on job content, supporting the existence of enlargement effect and congruence effect. Additionally, employee relative job breadth was positively related to extra‐role behaviour and the congruence on job content was positively related to in‐role behaviour. However, neither in‐role nor extra‐role behaviour was related to performance rating. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

太和殿里的闹剧

北京故宫博物院的太和殿高大而雄伟,是紫禁城里最神圣的地方。但九十年前,“窃国大盗”袁世凯曾在这里上演过一场封建迷信的闹剧。 1911年的辛亥革命推翻了清王朝的统治,但没过多久,北洋军阀袁世凯施展权术,窃取了辛亥革命的成果,当上了中华民国大总统。但他依然不满足,还要恢复帝制,想当皇帝。为了1916年元旦     

群体决策质量评估方法及其在大学生和社区居民中的应用

社会心理服务体系建设要求用心理学理论和方法开展精细化社会治理, 而在多元主体共商共治的过程中出现了群体决策质量无法得到有效评估的问题。群体决策“过程-结果模型”认为应该从“双过程” (信息加工过程和人际互动过程)和“双结果” (客观结果和主观感受)两个方面综合评估群体决策质量。基于该模型建构的群体决策质量问卷自评法和录像他评法被应用于大学生和社区居民一些真实问题解决的群体决策质量评估。研究结果显示群体决策质量自评问卷效度良好, 适合作为群体决策质量的自评工具; 录像他评法与问卷自评法结果相互印证能够全面地反映群体决策质量, 可应用于更广阔的社会治理领域中。     

Does Image Matter to Different Job Applicants? The influences of corporate image and applicant individual differences on organizational attractiveness

This research examined both the effects of various corporate image dimensions on organizational attractiveness and the moderating effects of applicant individual difference variables on the aforementioned relationships. Two studies were conducted for this research, which involved 40 bank samples and 360 student participants ( Study 1 ) and 538 employee–student mixed samples ( Study 2 ). By implementing different research designs, samples, and industry targets in the two studies, we found that corporate product image, corporate citizenship image, and corporate credibility image were important antecedents to organizational attractiveness. One of the proposed applicant individual difference variables, environmental sensitivity, was found to moderate the relationship between corporate citizenship image and organizational attractiveness.     

社会转型与宗教皈依:以基督教徒为对象的考察

本论文借助于标准化开放式访谈法对社会转型时期民众的基督教信仰进行了探讨。研究发现,压力或危机事件的触发是现阶段民众接受基督教信仰的内在动力,社会网络的示范和导引是民众接受和皈依基督教信仰的中介因素,“神迹”或“特殊的感应”对民众皈依基督教信仰具有催化作用,教义与礼仪通过对信仰者人格的转换逐步实现其信仰的内在化。本研究认为,社会结构的转型、社会系统的非平衡状态会使宗教成为替代或补偿性因素而为更多的人选择,但宗教徒的信仰内容中所包涵的不仅是神秘的宗教经验,而且集结着许多世俗生活的需求和渴望,需要理性客观地加以解读。     

SWIFT-Ⅱ：阅读中眼跳发生的动力学模型

文章阐述了SWIFT模型的最新进展—SWIFT-Ⅱ模型的基本观点。SWIFT-Ⅱ模型能够在更为详细的水平上分析模型的模拟结果,也较好地解释了词长和词频效应、注视时间的分布、回视、再注视、初次登陆位置等眼动现象。最后对SWIFT-Ⅱ模型与E-ZReader模型进行了比较。     

练习背景下表征水平的变化

Karmiloff-Smith提出的表征重述理论认为表征重述是人类获取知识的重要途径。为探讨练习是否能够提供表征重述的机会从而促进表征水平的变化,对29名小学一年级儿童进行数字分解组合任务的研究。结果表明：（1）练习背景下约有半数儿童的表征从内隐水平发展到外显水平,但其他儿童的表征水平没有发生任何变化;（2）练习背景下儿童表征变化的路线并不完全像Karmiloff-Smith设想的那样经由程序阶段到元程序阶段再到概念化阶段,而是存在其他多种可能的发展路线;（3）练习背景下儿童获得的表征的灵活性是有限的,即可以推广到近迁移问题上,而难以推广到远迁移问题上     

论主客二分的心理学研究范式

本文考察了主客二分研究范式的内涵、发展脉络与历史地位。作者认为,主客二分研究范式张扬着心理学的自然科学定向,体现的是人作为自然物的形象,展示的是将人的心理、行为视作“现象”,试图以实证方法揭示人的心理、行为规律的“外观心理学”境界。它和主客同一研究范式均可在未来心理学中获得各自合理存在的空间。     

Eliciting Self-Explanations Improves Understanding

Learning involves the integration of new information into existing knowledge. Generating explanations to oneself (self-explaining) facilitates that integration process. Previously, self-explanation has been shown to improve the acquisition of problem-solving skills when studying worked-out examples. This study extends that finding, showing that self-explanation can also be facilitative when it is explicitly promoted, in the context of learning declarative knowledge from an expository text. Without any extensive training, 14 eighth-grade students were merely asked to self-explain after reading each line of a passage on the human circulatory system. Ten students in the control group read the same text twice, but were not prompted to self-explain. All of the students were tested for their circulatory system knowledge before and after reading the text. The prompted group had a greater gain from the pretest to the posttest. Moreover, prompted students who generated a large number of self-explanations (the high explainers) learned with greater understanding than low explainers. Understanding was assessed by answering very complex questions and inducing the function of a component when it was only implicitly stated. Understanding was further captured by a mental model analysis of the self-explanation protocols. High explainers all achieved the correct mental model of the circulatory system, whereas many of the unprompted students as well as the low explainers did not. Three processing characteristics of self-explaining are considered as reasons for the gains in deeper understanding.