不同语境下汉语三声连续变调发生规律初探

采用命名任务,考察真／假词条件下,三声连续变调规律的运用及其对语音提取的影响。实验结果显示．(1)普通话流利者具有三声连续变调意识,变调的发生不受三声字所在语境的影响;(2)三声连续变调的发生影响词汇语音提取,但对类型不同的词,其影响方式存在差异。对阅读错误的分析为讨论提供了进一步证据。     

早期儿童关于图画与其所指物间关系的理解--利用两可图进行的考察

先前的研究表明,在3岁或更早儿童的观念中,二维图画与其所指物之间的关系是严格的一一对应的。本实验采用两可图对这一推断进行了检验,结果进一步证实了这一推断。实验还表明,儿童对二维图画的多重解释能力并不意味着一般意义上的心理理论的获得。数据显示,总体而言儿童对两可图的多重解释能力的形成时间稍早于完成错误信念任务能力的形成时间,但是尚不能确定两者之问是否有承继关系。     

2.5至7.5岁儿童关于图画作者能力特点的认知发展

借助2岁儿童图画作品,考察25至75岁儿童对于图画作者能力特点的认知发展状况。结果表明：2．5岁到55岁的儿童,在本实验情境的图画判断过程中尚不能考虑小年龄图画作者的能力特点,65岁以后儿童的这种能力得到了,发展。研究对儿童理解图画作者能力的心智基础进行了分析。     

中国人的宗教皈依历程:以山西佛教徒与基督教徒为对象的考察

本文借助于问卷调查与深度访谈两种方法,对130名宗教徒的宗教皈依过程进行研究.研究发现,宗教徒的宗教皈依是一个渐进、单一的过程,并且更具有"内生型皈依"的特征,生活的压力、挫折或生命的危机状态不是促使宗教徒皈依的普遍因素,但功利性的欲求、心灵的空乏以及精神世界的不满足感是潜在涌动的促使教徒皈依宗教的内在张力.不同宗教信仰类别宗教徒的皈依历程具有一定的差异,而不同文化程度宗教徒的皈依历程则具有显著的差异.     

汉语儿童读词者的认知特征及其影响因素

读词者是指能够流畅地进行字词识别和解码, 却难以很好地理解文本内容的学生。以840名小学一到六年级学生为研究对象, 对其进行阅读速度、阅读理解、语素意识(包括同音语素意识、同形语素意识和复合语素意识)、汉字识别、口语词汇、工作记忆、一般智力等测查, 通过现状描述和多分类logistic回归分析, 结果发现：(1)一年级汉语儿童读词者的检出率为0.7%, 二年级之后的检出率在6.5%~10.1%之间; (2)在语言特异性认知因素上, 控制了年龄和智力后, 与其他学生相比, 读词者在汉字识别任务上表现较好, 在语素意识各个任务及口语词汇上表现较差; (3)年龄和智力是造成读词者比率增加的一般因素; (4)同音语素意识和口语词汇是造成读词者比率增加的语言特异性认知因素。     

孕中期胎儿出生缺陷产前筛查2321例分析

探讨孕妇孕中期血清标志物产前筛查唐氏综合征为主的先天缺陷,应用酶联免疫法检测孕中期血清标记物(AFP、Fβ-HCG),2 321例孕妇中检出各类高风险人群共260例,其中DS高风险有219例,占筛查总数的9.4%;NTD风险37例,占筛查总数的1.6%;18及13三体高风险4例,占0.2%,确诊异常胎儿9例,其中染色体异常7例,脊柱裂2例.孕中期应用母血清二联生化指标进行产前筛查是可行的.结合产前诊断是减少出生缺陷发生的重要手段之一.     

别跟“4”过不去

不知从什么时候开始,数字中最普通的“4”竟然成了人们最忌讳的符号。车牌号忌讳有“4”;结婚绝对不选带“4”的日子。有些人对“4”的忌讳甚至到了迷信的程度:遇“4”“14”“24”日时而谨慎出门;就餐时“4”号桌绝对不坐;四层带“4”号的楼绝对不买,生怕“4”带来晦气和不吉利。有的人为了得到一个所谓的吉利号“6”和“8”,而不惜花重金。连续号为888的车号被某富商花巨资购买;连续号为6666的手机号,同样有人愿意出高价,而“444”号绝少有人问津。于是南方的某个城市干脆将车号尾数的“4”取消了;一些开发商给楼层编号时,也取消4层和14层…     

Employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility: Effects on pride,embeddedness, and turnover

We examined socioemotional microfoundations of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) and posited that employees’ perceived CSR triggers a perception-emotion-attitude-behavior sequence. Drawing from appraisal theory of emotion, we hypothesized that perceived CSR relates to emotions (i.e., organizational pride), which relate to job attitudes (i.e., organizational embeddedness) that in turn relate to job behaviors (i.e., decreased turnover). To test this model, we conducted a multistudy investigation involving different samples, designs, and data-analytic methods. In Study 1, we conducted an experiment and found that participants who envisioned working in a firm that was active regarding CSR activities reported greater pride and organizational embeddedness. We then conducted two field studies using a nonmanagerial sample (Study 2) and a managerial sample (Study 3) and found that participants’ perceived CSR was positively related to their pride, which in turn was related to stronger organizational embeddedness. Stronger organizational embeddedness was related to lower turnover 6 months later in Study 2 but not in Study 3. In Study 4, we conducted a longitudinal four-wave 14-month study to test the proposed relationships from a within-person conceptualization, and the results were also supportive. Thus, the proposed perception-emotion-attitude-behavior framework received broad support and illustrated that stronger microfoundations of CSR research could be constructed through understanding employees’ emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral reactions to their perceptions of their employers’ CSR.     

Adolescent coping in different Chinese family environments

This study explored the relationship between family environment and adolescent coping in a Chinese sample. Four family types were identified with cluster analysis: (a) conflict-control, (b) structured, cohesive, expressive, and recreation-oriented, (c) structured, cohesive, and low conflict, and (d) unstructured and low control. Families with high cohesion, expressiveness, organization, low conflict, and low to medium level of control were associated with a more constructive coping style. Chinese adolescents tended to (a) mobilize personal resources, (b) seek help from social resources, and (c) adopt a philosophy of doing nothing as their major coping style when they had a positive perception of their family environment. This coping style was termed "fatalistic voluntarism." Finally, boys' coping behaviors were somewhat different from girls'. Girls tended to rely more on social support, whereas boys tended to avoid the problem or engage in blaming.