文本表述结构对空间维度非线索更新的影响

采用实时窗口阅读技术,探讨阅读中文本表述结构在情境模型空间维度非线索更新中的作用。实验一结果表明,阅读中,如果文本叙述中采用以人为参照的描述方式,那么可以促进相应空间设置内物体的实时更新。实验二考察了空间设置不同程度的描述对空间信息加工中的影响,结果发现,相对于对空间设置的简单描述,在文本中对空间设置进行精细阐述更有利于情境模型空间维度非线索更新的达成。     

Revisiting the California Southeast Asian Mental Health Needs Assessment Data: An Examination of Refugee Ethnic and Gender Differences

This study examined the ethnic and gender differences in the levels and predictors of distress among Vietnamese (N = 867), Cambodian (N = 590) and Laotian (N = 723) refugees. The findings showed that for all 3 groups, refugee women reported a significantly higher level of psychological distress than their male counterparts. Although there were similarities in the predictors of distress among refugee women and men, the results also found significant gender differences within and between the different cultural groups. Implications for counseling practice and research are discussed in light of the findings.     

从系统论视角看全身炎症反应综合征

全身炎症反应综合征已经成为当前危重病医学所面临重大挑战。本文从系统论的角度出发,通过阐述全身炎症反应综合征的发病机制、病理过程及治疗进展,浅谈系统论在全身炎症反应综合征基础研究和临床治疗中的指导作用。     

从系统论视角看全身炎症反应综合征

全身炎症反应综合征已经成为当前危重病医学所面临重大挑战.本文从系统论的角度出发,通过阐述全身炎症反应综合征的发病机制、病理过程及治疗进展,浅谈系统论在全身炎症反应综合征基础研究和临床治疗中的指导作用.     

Detrimental Effects of Newcomer Person-Job Misfit on Actual Turnover and Performance: The Buffering Role of Multidimensional Person-Environment Fit

Researchers of person–job (P-J) misfit have suggested that newcomers who “misfit” with their job often perform poorly and eventually leave the organization. However, no known studies have examined ways to alleviate the negative impacts of newcomers’ P-J misfit. Based on the theory of work adjustment and the spillover model of person–environment fit, we explore whether newcomers’ fit with the social context (i.e. person–group [P-G] and person–organization [P-O] fit) and interpersonal relationships (i.e. person–mentor [P-M] and person–supervisor [P-S] fit) can buffer the detrimental outcomes of newcomers’ P-J misfit. Using data from two field studies with time-lag and multi-source research designs, the results consistently show that: (1) newcomers’ P-G fit buffered the positive relationship between their initial N–S misfit and subsequent actual turnover, (2) newcomers’ P-M fit buffered the negative relationship between their initial D-A misfit and subsequent task performance. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.     

Attentional capture and inhibition (of return): the effect on perceptual sensitivity

The present study was designed to determine the spatial distribution of attention in displays in which an irrelevant color singleton was present. The results show that at the location of an irrelevant singleton, there is, first, an increased sensitivity (d'), followed later by a reduced sensitivity. The increased sensitivity implies that, first, the irrelevant singleton captured spatial attention, producing an increased sensory gain for input at the irrelevant distractor location. The later-occurring, reduced sensitivity implies the operation of inhibitory processes, possibly related to inhibition of return.     

Effects of dilemma type,language, and emotion arousal on utilitarian vs deontological choice to moral dilemmas in Chinese–English bilinguals

The present study examines how dilemma type (personal or impersonal moral dilemma), language (native or foreign) and emotion arousal to a dilemma could affect Chinese–English bilinguals' deontological vs utilitarian moral choices regarding 39 moral dilemmas. How emotion arousal plays a mediating role in the effects of dilemma type and language on moral choices is also investigated. As shown in multilevel analyses, participants made fewer utilitarian choices for personal dilemmas than impersonal dilemmas. Although emotion arousal of dilemmas significantly mediated this effect of dilemma type, the indirect effect of dilemma type through arousal on moral choices was inconsistent with the direct effect of dilemma type on moral choices. For the effect of language, participants made more utilitarian choices in the Footbridge (personal) dilemma that was presented in foreign language than in native language. However, this effect was not mediated by arousal, suggesting that it could not be attributed to the emotion‐reducing effect of foreign language. Moreover, there was no language effect on moral choices in analyses that included all 39 dilemmas or only 22 personal dilemmas, indicating the need in future research for further identifying the potential mediators that trigger the foreign language effect on moral choices.     

Contributions of linguistic,quantitative, and spatial attention skills to young children's math versus reading: Same,different, or both?

The study used Bayesian and Frequentist methods to investigate whether the roles of linguistic, quantitative, and spatial attention skills are distinct in children's acquisition of reading and math. A sample of 175 Chinese kindergarteners was tested with measures of linguistic skills (phonological awareness and phonological memory), quantitative knowledge (number line task, symbolic digit comparison, and non-symbolic number estimation), spatial attention skills (visual span, mental rotation, and visual search), word reading, and calculation. After statistically controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence, phonological awareness and digit comparison performance explained unique variance in both math and reading. Moreover, number line estimation was specifically important for math, while phonological memory was specifically essential for reading. These findings highlight the possibility of developing early screening tools with different cognitive measures for children at risk of learning disabilities in reading and/or math.     

论《管子》的民本思想及其治国实践

《管子》民本思想是相当丰富的。它主张治国安邦以民为本。如何做到"以民为本"呢?《管子》认为首先要重民、爱民、富民、利民;其次,在治国方略上必须礼法并用,德法并举,即以法来维护人民的利益,同时,以"礼"来维护社会秩序,使社会和谐发展。再次,在用人制度上必须坚持尊贤授德,察能授官,重视人的价值的充分实现。     

Effect of lie labelling on children's evaluation of selfish,polite, and altruistic lies

This study investigates how 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds' evaluations of selfish, polite, and altruistic lies change as a result of whether these false statements are explicitly labelled as lies. We are also interested in how interpretive theory of mind may correlate with such evaluations with and without a lie label. Our results showed that labelling lowered children's evaluations for the polite and altruistic lies, but not for the selfish lies. Interpretive theory of mind correlated positively with the evaluation difference between the polite and altruistic lies and that between the selfish and altruistic lies in the label, but not in the non‐label condition. Correlation between the selfish and altruistic lies and that between the polite and altruistic lies were stronger with than without labelling, after controlling for age, and verbal and non‐verbal intelligence. We conclude that lie labelling biases children towards more negative evaluations for non‐selfish lies and makes them see lies of different motives as more similar. If a lie label is applied, whether lies of different motives are still evaluated differently depends on interpretive theory of mind, which reflects the child's ability to represent and allow different interpretations of an ambiguous reality.